BOT3015 Final Exam Ch 20, 21, 22 Review (UCF)

Each plant cell contains a large central __________ that is used to store water and other chemicals.

vacuole

Excluding Kingdom Animalia, Kingdom Plantae is the only other kingdom of multicellular organisms with __________ reproductive structures.

multicellular

First, the outermost layer of a plant cell is the cell wall, which is composed of __________.

cellulose

Plant cells contain __________, the organelles where photosynthesis takes place.

chloroplatsts

Bryophyte traits:

- No significant internal tissue for conducting water

- Absorb water through aboveground parts

- External water required for fertilization

- Liverworts, hornworts, mosses

Vascular plant traits:

- True leaves

- Internal tissue called xylem for conducting water

- Roots that function in water absorption and anchorage

- Ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

As you are making a sketch of a liverwort thallus for a lab report, you notice lens-shaped pieces of tissue that are produced in cups on a liverwort thallus. You can also see that when detached, these structures develop independently. What should you label these structures as in your sketch?

Gemmae

What is commercially used as a soil conditioner?

Sphagnum

All members of the plant kingdom have:

- Multicellular embryos

- Egg cells surrounded by a jacket of sterile cells

- Oogamous sexual reproduction

- Life cycle that includes both gametophyte and sporophyte generations

Why are the leaves of mosses unlike the leaves of plants?

- Most leaves lack stomata

- Moss leaves lack petioles

- Moss leaves lack mesophyll

- Moss leaves lack veins

The one or two rows of teeth that play a role in the release of spores from a moss capsule constitute the:

Peristome

What plant component is NOT found in all bryophytes?

Peristome

As you examine a moss sporophyte, you observe a structure that has the most direct contact with the gametophyte. What is this structure?

Foot

The egg of a moss is produced within a cavity called a:

Venter

Food-conducting cells present in some mosses are known as:

Leptoids

If you had to select a bryophyte specimen from a collection of specimens, what feature would allow you to quickly identify one?

Require water to reproduce sexually

Which of these are sterile hairs that are scattered among moss archegonia and antheridia?

Paraphyses

From an economic perspective the most important bryophytes are the:

Peat mosses

Is an operculum part of the sporophyte generation of a moss?

Yes

Do most species of liverworts produce a flattened body called a thallus?

No

Do rhizoids take up water through their xylem?

No

Can a peat moss absorb water many times its weight?

Yes

A moss calyptra:

Originates from the archegonium

A moss protonema:

Has the n number of chromosomes in each cell

__________ is a common thalloid liverwort.

Marchantia

Do most mosses reproduce asexually by means of gemmae?

No

If you examine a specimen in lab, what would allow you to say it is a plant and NOT green algae?

Multicellular gametangia

A characteristic feature of a moss protonema is:

Production of "leafy" buds

The common name for Lycopodium is "ground pine". The common name is based on the appearance of the __________ which resembles little conifer trees.

sporophyte

So-called fern allies (relatives of ferns) include several phyla of plants related to ferns. Which of these are fern allies?

Club mosses

Does the annulus of a fern sporangium function in spore dispersal?

No

What probably did NOT occur when a shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats took place millions of years ago?

Chlorophyll appeared

Bryophytes, ferns, and fern allies all require _________________ for sexual reproduction because the sperm cells ______________.

surface water, swim to the egg cell

The semi-transparent tissue that protects immature sporangia in many ferns is called a/an:

Indusium

Predict what would not be produced if archegonia and antheridia are removed.

Gametes

People have used ferns:

- To reduce indoor air pollution

- For landscaping

- For drugs to promote urination (diuretics)

- For food

Do the prothalli of ferns normally produce rhizoids?

Yes

In ferns, meiosis occurs in the __________.

sporangium

Are fern fronds often subdivided into pinnae?

Yes

The fern gametophyte is typically __________.

small and photosynthetic

Do ferns produce seeds but no spores?

No

In the bryophytes the _________________ plant persists; in the seedless vascular plants it is the ____________ plant that predominates.

gametophyte, sporophyte

In ferns an annulus is directly and intimately associated with a/an:

Sporangium

The term gymnosperm refers to:

Plants whose seeds are produced out in the open (as opposed to being enclosed within a structure)

Which of these is not associated with conifers?

Vessel elements and fibers

Which is NOT a phylum of gymnosperms?

Polypodiophyta

Components of pine needles include:

- Resin canals

- Hypodermis

- Thick cuticle

- Sunken stomata

The structure of pines that develops into a seed coat is a/an:

Integument

The female gametophyte of pines usually contains 2-6:

Archegonia

Which gymnosperms have fleshy seeds?

- Podocarps

- California nutmeg

- Yew

- Ginkgo

The tallest, most massive, and oldest living trees are __________.

coastal redwood, giant redwood, and bristlecone pine

The specific cells of pines that develop into pollen grains are:

Microspores

An aril is:

A fleshy cuplike covering surrounding the ovule of a yew

Traits of primitive plants:

- Flower parts numerous (more than 10)

- Flower parts free

- Flower hypogynous (superior ovary)

- Flowers actinomorphic (radial symmtetry)

Traits of advanced plants:

- Flower parts few (less than 10)

- Flower parts united

- Flowers epigynous (inferior ovary)

- Flowers zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry)