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nationalism
pride and love in one’s country
sectionalism
refers to political, economic, and social differences between northern and southern states
steel plow
an agricultural invention that allows to grow more plants
mechanical reaper
allows to harvest crops more quickly
eli whitney
who invented the cotton gin?
cotton gin
removes all of the sharp seeds, leaving clean cotton by itself
samuel b morse
the inventor of the telegraph
telegraph
machine that improves communication (Morse code)
robert fulton
the inventor of the steamboat
steamboat
improves transportation, speed, and distance
railroad
improves transportation, speed, and direction across land
southern economy
still based on plantation agriculture, more dependent on slave labor, and focused on cash crops. cotton is the most sold crop here
king cotton
the southern economy earned this title because of how much money they were earning from selling cotton
cotton gin, indian removal act, invention of steamboat and railroad
what are the three reasons why the southern economy switched to cotton as their main crop?
indian removal act
opens up more land for cotton production
south
by 1860, 70% of the world’s cotton supply comes from the ___
south carolina and mississippi
which two southern states were the wealthiest for selling cotton?
domestic slave trade
excessively selling slaves to make money
work sabotage
this is when the slave owners treat their slaves like children
underground railroad
meant to help slaves run away by a group of slaves
music
used to communicate, teach, and keep the work going
mass production of goods
this is when people are making a lot of products very quickly
factories
most of the wealth is produced by ___
urbanization
there’s a lot of ___ in the North because of the factories
market revolution
more people can buy and sell goods; the north is going to be the center of commerce (business) in the U.S.
francis cabot lowell
invented the single-operator power loom
single-operator power loom
a machine that could make more textiles more quickly to earn more money
massachusetts
the state that Lowell built and everyone that moved there worked at his factories
Lowell mill girls
Lowell mostly hired poor or working-class females to work in his factories. he hired so many women that he was referred to as “___ ___ ___”
represents more money
what were the positives of Lowell hiring mostly women?
pay women less money than men, poor working conditions, meaning working long hours, dark and dirty rooms, and no safety hazards
what were the negatives of Lowell hiring mostly women?
james madison
who was the president of the u.s. during the american system process?
henry clay
a member of the House of Representatives in Kentucky
American System
the creation that Madison and Clay created. the system is also an example of nationalism and the idea of making people wealthier and it makes the decisions permanent
sectionalism
this is going to grow because of the American System plan
protective tariffs
make the northern states happy by having this
tariffs
fancy word for taxes and they are taxes on imports
southern states export more goods than importing and they cost money
why don’t the southern states like protective tariffs?
because they are cheaper
why do Americans encourage people to buy American products?
internal improvements
this is when the federal government is going to increase infrastructure
roads, railroads, canals, and levees
what does infrastructure include?
roads, canals, and levees
what does the South take advantage of when it comes to infrastructure?
railroads and canals
what does the North take advantage of when it comes to infrastructure?
President James Monroe
the last founding fathers president
missouri compromise, 1820
primarily a crisis of sectionalism and political debate between North and South. this state wanted to be admitted as a slave state even though they were in the North
no free territory
what was the problem when it came to Missouri trying to be a slave state?
Henry Clay
who is called the “Great Compromiser” and created the Missouri Compromise?
Maine
which state did Henry Clay create as a free state?
slave states
below the 36-30 degree latitude and longitude line, the south will be…
free states
above the 36-30 degree latitude and longitude line, the north (except Missouri) will be…
Monroe Doctrine
this was a much stronger form of policy than the Neutrality Act. this was also telling the Europeans to “keep out” of the Western Territory
election of 1824
this was when 4 popular people were running to be president and there were no political parties during this time
William Crawford
famous congressman at the time
Andrew Jackson
hero in the battle of new orleans
John Quincy Adams
Founding Father of John Adams
House of Representatives
since nobody wins the majority of the electoral votes, who chooses to be president?
Henry Clay
who is the speaker of the House of Representatives and has to choose who gets to be president?
Andrew Jackson
who won the most votes, but not enough majority of the votes to be president?
John Quincy Adams
who did the House of Representatives choose to be president?
Henry Clay
who does Adams appoint as his secretary of state?
Andrew Jackson
who accuses both Clay and Adams of being thieves and is angry at them?
being elected president
how does Andrew Jackson spend the next 4 years? what is he trying to do?
Jacksonian Democracy
this is when Jackson is going to court people’s votes directly
open ballot
this is when there is no secrecy on who to vote for. everyone tells the person who they are voting for and there’s fraud because people vote more than once, non-citizens as well as immigrants
president andrew jackson
this person only wanted to do what was best for them rather than the people
election of 1828
this was when people helped Jackson win the presidency easily
spoils system
this is when jackson hired people who proved their loyalty to him who are also not as qualified. presidents use this system and value this to themselves rather than the quality
tariff crisis
this was when jackson raised the tariff taxes so high, making some of the states angry
tariff of abominations
the 1832 tariff was so high that people called it the “___ ___ ___”
john c calhoun
who is the vice president during the tariff crisis?
theory of nullifcation
what was the title of calhoun’s book that he wrote?
states are supreme to the federal government and it is the state’s final say on federal law
in calhoun’s book, what was his argument regarding the tariff crisis?
nullify
each state can ___ any federal law it thinks is unconstitutional
south carolina would secede from the U.S. and form their own country
what did south carolina say if they forced them to be part of the tariff?
treason
what did Jackson accuse south carolina of?
burn down buildings and hang him
what did jackson threaten calhoun?
force act
clay passes this law that allows Jackson to use the military to enforce laws that states refuse to obey
indian removal act
required Native Americans who lived in the southeastern states to move to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma) because there was more land for them to grow cotton
cherokee nation
these people are going to sue the federal government and say that the law is unconstitutional because they are violating their right to property (5th amendment)
worcester v. georgia
this is when they agreed to the indian removal act violating their right to property
executive branch
which branch does not agree to the indian removal act being a violation to their right to property?
trail of tears
the movement to oklahoma is called the “___ ___ ___” because many people die from this
abolitionist movement
this movement wanted to abolish slavery
economic; political; moral
most abolitionists and Americans see that abolishing slavery is more as a(n) ___ and ___ problem rather than a(n) ___ problem
william lloyd garrison
people saw him as a radical person, says that they have to free the slaves immediately and there needs to be an immediate emancipation, and argues to free slaves AND make them full citizens, even if violence has to come in
the liberator
what was the newspaper william lloyd garrison published called?
the north star
what was the newspaper frederick douglas published called?
frederick douglas
he says that all slaves needed to be freed, but all males needed to be granted citizenship
women abolitionists
this is when women joined this movement and gave public speeches
sojourner truth
she is a runaway slave and makes a unique suggestion, saying that both men and women should be granted equal right to citizenship
elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia mott
these women are the leaders of the women’s rights movement
the seneca falls convention
stanton and mott create this convention and start this movement in new york
the declaration of sentiments and resolutions
what declaration was published at this convention?
to list out women’s non-rights
what was the purpose of the seneca falls convention?
they cannot vote
what is the political issue of women’s non-rights?
careers and education are limited for women
what is the economic issue of women’s non-rights?
women did not have property or divorce rights
what is the social issue of women’s non-rights?
equal
all men and women are created ___
susan b anthony
she becomes the leader of the women’s rights movement after the convention
national women suffrage association
what organization did susan b anthony create?
Note 
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