Chapter 15

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24 Terms

1
Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain, consisting of two cerebral hemispheres containing gyri and sulci.
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2
Gyri
Folds or ridges on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres.
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3
Sulci
Grooves or indentations on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres.
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4
Corpus callosum
The large bundle of nerve fibers connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
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5
Cerebellum
The part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance, featuring folds and containing Purkinje cells.
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6
Gray Matter
The outer part of the cerebrum and cerebellum; composed of neurosomas, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and synapses.
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7
White Matter
Tissue deep in the brain made of tracts composed of myelinated axons.
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8
Meninges
Three protective coverings of the brain: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
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9
Dura mater
The tough, outermost layer of the meninges.
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10
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A clear, colorless liquid produced in the brain's ventricles that provides buoyancy, protection, and chemical stability.
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11
Thalamus
A part of the diencephalon that acts as a sensory gateway to the cerebral cortex.
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12
Hypothalamus
Part of the brain responsible for the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system regulation.
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13
Limbic System
A group of structures in the brain associated with emotion and learning; includes the amygdala and hippocampus.
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14
Basal Nuclei
Deep masses of cerebral gray matter involved in motor control.
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15
Cranial Nerves
Twelve pairs of nerves that originate from the brain and are involved in sensory and motor functions.
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16
Alzheimer disease (AD)
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, reduced attention span, and degeneration of the cerebral cortex.
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17
Parkinson disease (PD)
A neurodegenerative disorder marked by tremors, shuffling gait, and loss of motor function due to dopamine cell degeneration.
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18
Olfactory Nerve (I)
The sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell.
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19
Optic Nerve (II)
The sensory nerve responsible for vision.
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20
Oculomotor Nerve (III)
A motor nerve responsible for controlling eye movements.
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21
Trigeminal Nerve (V)
A mixed nerve responsible for sensation in the face and control of chewing.
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22
Facial Nerve (VII)
A mixed nerve responsible for taste sensation and control of facial expressions.
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23
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
A sensory nerve responsible for hearing and equilibrium.
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24
Vagus Nerve (X)
A mixed nerve responsible for taste and control over various visceral organs.
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