AP Stats Topic 14

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16 Terms

1

Tests of Significance

assess the evidence for a claim about a population

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2

Statistical Inference

Provides methods for drawing conclusions about a population from sample data

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3

Upper Critical Value

the number za/2 with probability p lying to its right under the standard normal curve

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4

Null Hypothesis

Says there is no effect or change in the population (H0)

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5

Test for significance

intended to access the evidence provided by data against a null hypothesis

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6

Alternate Hypothesis

says there is an effect or change in the population (Ha)

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7

One sided alternative

a parameter differs from its null value in a specific direction (</>)

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8

Two sided alternative

a parameter differs from its null value in either direction (not =)

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9

p value

the probability that the test statistic will take a value as extreme or more extreme than the value actually observed.

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10

Statistically significant

the p value is as small or smaller than a specified value

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11

Test statistic

based on a statistic that estimates the parameter that appears in the hypothesis (z, t, p, x², or f)

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12

Decision Analysis

regards statistical inference in general as giving rules for making decisions in the presence of uncertainty

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13

Power

measures a significance test’s ability to detect an alternative hypothesis

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14

Type I Error

occurs when we reject H0 when it is actually true

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15

Type II Error

occurs when we accept H0 when Ha is actually true

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16

Acceptance Sampling

one such circumstance that calls for a decision or action as the end result of inference

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