Ch.7 APUSH

Religous

The schooling in the south was...

Secular and only available to white men

The schooling in New England was...

Republican Motherhood

The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children

Judith Sargent Murray

Female rights activist following the revolution who argued that the brain is not a sex organ. She wrote "On the Equality of Sexes".

Massachusets

What state required public schools to serve women

Noble Savages

The idea that Natives can be assimilated into white society. believed by Jefferson and democratic republicans

Missionary schools

Teach Natives how to fit into white society

African Free School

A network of schools established in the early 19th century in New York City to provide education for free African American children. Founded by manumission.

University of Virginia

One of the earliest state-supported universities, founded in 1819; founded by Thomas Jefferson, who designed its architecture and separated it from religion and politics; focused on modern languages and the sciences.

UPenn

1st medical school, public resistance because people believed in hands on training

Benjamin Rush

Father of American Psychiatry, believed and put emphasis on mental health.

Decline of midwives in 1800

an emphasis on trained physicians cause this, it limited childbirth care for poorer mothers and women loose job

Cultural Independence

American literary and artistic life would instill a sense of nationalism. Americans wanted to challenge European culture.

Jebidiah Morse

wrote American textbooks on geography, was an early advocate for American textbooks, thought English text books may cause aritocratic ideas.

Noah Webster

American writer who wrote textbooks to help the advancement of education. He also wrote a dictionary which helped standardize the American language. Wanted to separate American language from English langauge.

Washington Irving

American writer remembered for the stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," contained in The Sketch Book (1819-1820). His books reflect on how far america had come sense the revolution.

Mercy Otis Warren

A 19th century American historian who wrote a 3-volume history of the American Revolution.

Mason Weems

Writer of "Life of Washington" (1806) which glorified the nation's first president. Created the Cherry Tree Myth

Second Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Cane Ridge Revival

religious revival in 1801 in Kentucky galvanizing Protestants. As many as 25,000 people may have come to the August meetings.

Camp meeting

religious (usually evangelistic) meeting held in a large tent or outdoors and last several days

Evangelicalism

The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion, repentance of sin, and adherence to scripture; it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin

Made cotton manufacturing much easier by quickly removing seeds and sticks from raw cotton. Causes cotton production in the south to boom. Slavery's importance is reeestablished

Norths Indusrty in the 1790's

inspired developement of American textile industry

Interchangeable parts

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing

Robert Fulton

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

Steamboat

A boat that moves by the power of a steam engine, made it easier and quicker to travel goods

Clermont

Fulton's steamboat in 1807 which powered on/by a newly designed engine. It took the Clermont 32 hours to go 150 miles from New York to Albany.

Turnpike Era

Began in 1790's ended in the 1820's, the roads were built out of hard packed stone as Americans experimented with ways to improve transportation in the young nation. Fees were charged for the use of the roads but most were not able to turn a profit. Urban focused roads.

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States who moves the nations capitol to Wasington Dc

1804 election

Federalist Charles C. Pickney gained 14 electoral votes, while Republican candidate Thomas Jefferson gained 162

Democratic republicans power under Thomas Jeferson

- all internal taxes were abolished

- reduces size of federal government

- cuts nations debt in half

- cuts army to 2500 men

- navy from 25 to 7 vessles

- establishes west point academy

Barbary States

Nations along the coast of North Africa to which the United States paid a yearly tribute so they would stop seizing our ships.

1st Barbary war

Jefferson doesn't want to pay annual protection money to prates anymore so he joins war with Tripoli to fight the pirates and ends up with a treaty that was more favorable to the Americans. In the process uses naval blockade on Barbary states to stop piracy.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Marbury sues Madison for refusing his commission. Rulign showed Marbury was entitled to his position but Madison did not have to appoint him.

Judiciary act of 1789

In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.

writs of mandamus

an order from a court to an inferior government official ordering the government official to properly fulfill their official duties or correct an abuse of discretion

Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Midnight Judges

The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.

John Marshall

American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.

Impeachment of Samuel Chase

Jefferson wanted the removal of an arrogant Supreme Court justice who was so unpopular that Republicans named vicious dogs after him; impeachment charges were voted by the House of Representatives which then passed the question of guilt or innocence to the Senate; the judge was not guilty of "high crimes", senate resfuses to remove Chases

Hatian Revolution

the first and only successful revolutionled by slaves, begins in full In 1789, France is "on fire" with new ideas of theEnlightenment that assert the "Rights of Man." The French Revolution is led by men such as Jean-Jaques Rousseauin 1791. But it is rooted in theFrench Revolution. The slave revolts begin on August 22, 1791.With over 100,000 slaves in

revolt. In three short weeks, the slaves burned

nearly every plantation and executed

many if not most of the French they

encountered.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Was an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti; in a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.

right of deposit (in New Orleans)

France ends the ______, Granted by Spain to America so that Americans could transfer cargo in New Orleans without paying duties to the Spanish government

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million, debated whether it was constitutional

Lewis and Clark Expedition

an expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories of the United States. They established contacts w/ natives

Sacajawea

native american woman who served as a guide an interpreter for the lewis and clark expedition

Zebulon Pike

American soldier and explorer whom Pikes Peak in Colorada is named. His Pike expedition often compared to the lewis and Clark expedition, mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisianna Purchase. Created a false impression of the West

Jeffersons re-election

Aaron burr is no longer Vice president after...

Essex Junto

A group of extreme Federalists who wanted to secede from the U.S. and form a Northern Confederacy because they thought northern states would have less power after the Louisiana Purchase

Aaron Burr

asked to become the federalist canidate for New York but Burr loses NY gubernatorial election, he then blames and challenges Hamilton

The Burr Conspiracy

Scheme by Vice-President Aaron Burr to lead the succession of the Louisiana Territory from the US and create his own empire. He was captured in 1807 and charged with treason. Because there was no evidence or two witnesses he was acquitted. Marshall upholds the strict rules for trying someone for treason.

Napoleonic wars

A series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times (1799-1812). American shipping was caught in the middle and Impressement returns.

Chesapeake-Leopard Incident

A feud that occurred in 1807 when the US Chesapeake was stopped in the mid-Atlantic by the British Leopard ; led to British attacks ; ultimately led to the enforcement of the Embargo Act by Jefferson

Embargo of 1807

Declaration by President Thomas Jefferson that banned all American trade with Europe. As a result of the war between England and Napoleon's France, America's sea rights as a neutral power were threatened; Jefferson hoped the embargo would force England and France to respect American neutrality.

Non-Intercourse Act

1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2.

William Henry Harrison

Governor of Indiana Territory, appointed by Jefferson to deal with the large Native population.

Options to deal with Natives:

1. Assimilate

2. Migrate

British supply NA with with weapons

British see westward expasion as a threat to their Canadian land so they....

Tenskwatawa/"The Prophet"

He inspired a religious revival that spread through many tribes and united them; killed by Harrison at battle of Tippecanoe. Advocated fot a complete seperation from the white society.

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. He was extremly militant.

Prophetstown

Tecumseh and his followers lived in __________________ on the Tippecanoe River in Indiana.

Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

U.S. forces - led by William Henry Harrison - defeated Tecumseh's confederacy then burned its headquarters at Prophetstown.

Historical Significance:

Tecumseh's confederacy allied with the British during the War of 1812; Harrison emerged as a war hero.

The Florida Problem

The Spanish controlled Baotn rouge was seized by white settlers, showing U.S desire to expand into Spanish Territory.

War Hawkes elected en masse

New group of expansionist nationalists enter congress, pushing for territorial growth and stronger action against Britian and Spain

Henry Clay

Distinguished senator from Kentucky, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and had voice over national policy

John C. Calhoun

he gained a seat on the council of foreign affairs, strengthening the push for agressive expansion policies

June 1812

Congress/Madison declares war on Britain for impressement, supplying native tribes and for expansionaist goals.

War of 1812

A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain.

Put-in-Bay

Site of one of the most important naval battles of war of 1812 where Perry's victory helped the U.S gain control of the NorthWest

Battle of Thames

Major U.S victory; Fight in which General Harrison defeated British forces in the Northwest. Tecumseh is killed

Andrew Jackson against the Creek

campaign against the Creek destroyed Native resistance in the Southeast and grabed huge amounts of land for U.S

Francis Scott Key

A washington lawyer who watched the all-night battle at Fort McHenry and showed his pride by writing what became the national anthem

Battle of New Orleans

A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

Treaty of Ghent

December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Rush-Bagot Agreement

1817 agreement that limited American and British naval forces on the Great Lakes