practical ap 1 foramen

olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate

olfactory nerve 1

optic canal

optic nerve 2

superior orbital fissure

oculomotor nerve 3, trochlear nerve 4, trigeminal nerve 5, and abducens 6

foramen rotundum

trigeminal nerve 5

foramen ovale

trigeminal nerve 5

foramen lacerum

no structure passes through because it is covered by a membrane in adults

foramen spoinosum 

middle meningeal artery

carotid canal

internal carotid artery

internal auditory meatus

facial nerve 7, vestibulocochlear nerve 8

jugular foramen

internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve 9, vagus nerve 10, and spinal accessory nerve 11

hypoglossal canal

hypoglossal nerve 12

supraorbital foramen

supraorbital artery and nerve

inferior orbital fissure

zygomatic nerve and blood vessels

infraorbital fissure

infraorbital nerve

mental foramen

blood vessels and trigeminal nerve 5

foramen magnum

spinal cord 

stylomastoid foramen

facial nerve 7

mandibular foramen

alveolar nerve

transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae

vertebral arteries

costal groove

neurovascular bundle

non axial joint

permits translational movement (plane and gliding)

Uniaxial joint

permits movement in one plane (hinge and pivot)

biaxial joint

permits movement in two planes (condylar and saddle)

multiaxial joint

permits movement in three planes (ball and socket)