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31 Terms
1
Personality
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
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Psychodynamic Perspective
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
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Ego
The largely conscious, 'executive' part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality, operating on the reality principle.
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4
Defense Mechanisms
The ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
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5
Denial
Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities.
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6
Displacement
A defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.
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7
Projection
A defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
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8
Rationalization
A defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.
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9
Reaction Formation
A defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites.
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10
Regression
A defense mechanism in which an individual retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage when faced with anxiety.
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11
Repression
The basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.
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12
Sublimation
A defense mechanism that channels unacceptable urges into something more acceptable.
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13
Preconscious
The level of consciousness in Freud's theory where thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily retrieveable.
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14
Unconscious
According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories.
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15
Humanistic Psychology
A perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth.
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16
Unconditional Positive Regard
A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude believed to help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.
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17
Self-Actualizing Tendency
The human motive toward realizing our inner potential.
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18
Social-Cognitive Theory
The use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world.
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19
Reciprocal Determinism
The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.
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20
Self-Concept
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, 'Who am I?'
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21
Self-Efficacy
One's sense of competence and effectiveness.
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22
Self-Esteem
How much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself.
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23
Trait Theories
Theories that describe the characteristics that make up human personality and predict future behavior.
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24
Personality Inventories
Questionnaires designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors used to assess selected personality traits.
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25
Factor Analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test.
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26
The Big Five Theory
A trait theory identifying five main characteristics that account for most individual differences in personality.
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27
Conscientiousness
The care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others; dependability.
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28
Agreeableness
How trusting, good-natured, cooperative, and soft-hearted one is.
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29
Neuroticism
Degree of emotional instability or stability.
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Openness to Experience
How intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded one is.
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31
Extraversion
A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive.
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