Economy - Russia

These flashcards cover key concepts and events regarding the industrialisation and modernisation of the Russian economy between 1855 and 1964.

What was the impact of the Emancipation Reform during Alexander II's reign on the Russian economy?

It stimulated growth in the economy and the emergence of a middle class.

What was the significance of the Trans-Siberian Railway?

It provided coherence to the disparate empire and stimulated internal trade.

Who implemented the command economy established in the Soviet Union?

Stalin adopted a command economy during his leadership.

What characterized the Great Turn under Stalin?

It focused on heavy industrialization and the implementation of five-year plans.

How did the foreign investment in the Russian economy change from 1855 to 1964?

There was significant foreign investment, particularly from France and Britain, aiding in various sectors including railways.

What did the NEP (New Economic Policy) signify for Russian agriculture?

It marked a return to private ownership and allowed for some capitalist practices.

What was the growth of coal production during the first five-year plan?

Coal production increased from 29 million tons in 1913 to 130 million tons by 1937.

What was the major consequence of the Witte economic reforms?

The reforms focused on state-led industrialization and aimed to increase the balance budget.

What was significant about the Moscow Metro system opened in 1935?

It symbolized modernisation and the capabilities of Soviet engineering.

What role did the Baikonur Cosmodrome play in the Soviet economy?

It became a central part of the Soviet space race efforts.

What was the situation of the economy during World War I for Russia?

Russia had one of the fastest-growing economies in Europe despite the challenges posed by the war.

What impact did nationalisation have on Russian industry during the early 20th century?

It allowed the government to control key industries and manage resources directly.

What was the consequence of the famine in 1891 on Russian grain exports?

The government’s selling of grain worsened the famine situation.

What did Stalin's second five-year plan focus on regarding heavy industry?

It aimed to produce a significant boost in industrial output, including steel and machinery.

What does the term 'NEPMEN' refer to in Soviet history?

They were private entrepreneurs operating under the New Economic Policy.

What was the main goal of the GOLERO plan initiated in 1920?

It aimed at nationwide electrification.

How did the agricultural machine industry develop in Russia during the early 1960s?

It received international aid, such as from American companies, to address food shortages.

What developments in Heavy industry were made under Tsar Nicholas II?

Expansion of Baku oil - made Russian one of the Largest oil producers by 1900.

Putilov Iron works

What foreign investment did Vyshnegradsky bring in under Tsar Alexander III

Investment from France and Britain for mining in Donbass region

What percentage of retail were NEPMEN responsible for?

60%

What foreign investment was brought in under Stalin?

German companies such as Siemens aided in Magnitogorsk