Unit 5 - Heredity

Phenylketonuria

________ (PKU)- autosomal recessive disease caused by a single gene defect.

Karyotype

________: a chart that organizes chromosomes in relation to number, size, and type.

Hemophilia

________ caused by the absence of a protein vital to the clotting process.

Thomas Morgan

________ made key discoveries regarding sex linkage and linked genes.

Crossover

________- a form of genetic recombination that occurs during prophase I of meiosis, led to their production.

Tay Sachs

________ disease- fatal genetic disorder that renders the body unable to break down a particular type of lipid that accumulates in the brain and eventually causes blindness and brain damage.

Edwards

________ syndrome- can affect all organs; trisomy 18.

Anaphase I

________- Separated homologous pairs move to opposite poles of the cell.

Geneticists

________ breed the organism whose genotype is unknown with an organism that is homozygous recessive for the trait.

Intermediate inheritance

________- an individual heterozygous for a trait (Yy) shows characteristics not exactly like either parent.

Cytokinesis

________- After the daughter cells split, the two newly formed cells are haploid (n)

Huntington

________ disease- A fatal disease that causes the breakdown of the nervous system.

human life

The cells produced during meiosis in the ________ cycle- gametes.

mates

A horizontal line from male to female represents ________ that have produced offspring.

Cystic fibrosis

________ (CF)- recessive disorder, the most common fatal genetic disease in the US.

Haploid

________ (n) organism- Has only one copy of each type of chromosome.

Genotype

________: an organisms genetic makeup for a given trait.

Diploid

________ (2n) organism- Has two copies of each type of chromosome.

Chromosome duplication

________- results in the repetition of a genetic segment.

genetic information

After meiosis I in females, one cell receives half the ________ and the majority of the cytoplasm of the parent cell.

genetic input

The phenotype is a "mixture "of both of the parents ________.

Mendel

________ used plant experiments to test this hypothesis and developed his two fundamental theories: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.

F2

________: the second generation of offspring, or the second "filial "generation in a genetic cross.

Deletion

________- occurs when a piece of the chromosome is lost in the developmental process.

F1

________: the first generation of offspring, or the first "filial "generation in a genetic cross.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia a cancer

________ affecting white blood cell precursor cells.

DNA

Non- nuclear inheritance, in which offspring get ________ only from the male or female parent, does not follow the Mendelian pattern of inheritance.

Eg

________: Mendels peas- round or wrinkled, green or yellow, purple flower or white flower.

Meiosis

________ consists of a single synthesis period during which the DNA is replicated, followed by two acts of cell division.

Turner syndrome

________ (XO)- sterile females who possess sex organs that fail to mature at puberty.

Gregor Mendel

________- spent many years working with peas.

P1

________: the parent generation in a genetic cross.

Nondisjunction

________: the improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis, which leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes in offspring.

Patau syndrome

________- causes serious brain and circulatory defects; trisomy 13.

Dihybrid

________ cross- the crossing of two different hybrid characters (BbRr × BbRr)

Telophase II

________- The nuclei and the nucleoli for the newly split cells return.

excess cytoplasm

The ________ is required for proper growth of the embryo after fertilization.

Gregor Mendels work

________- not able to account for many patterns of inheritance that occur in life (sex- linked traits, incomplete dominance, and codominance)

Usage of pedigrees

________: determine the risk of parents passing certain conditions to their offspring.

Allele

________: a variant of a gene for a particular character.

Phenotype

________: the physical expression of the trait associated with a particular genotype.

Phenotype of an organism

________- can be determined from simple observation.

fruit flies

The ________ had four pairs of chromosomes: three autosomal pairs and one sex chromosome pair.

monohybrid cross

A(n) ________ between heterozygous gametes gives a 3: 1 phenotype ratio in the offspring.