ESC420 Quiz 3 Pharmacology

Antilipemic

Suffix - Statin

For dyslipidemia or cholesterol

Works to regulate and block HMG-coa reductase, limiting the ability of the liver to make access cholesterol

ACE inhibitor

Suffix - Pril

Hypertension (Renin angiotensin system) blocks ACE, which prevents angiotensin I conversion into angiotensin II, decreasing BP and BV (H2O and salt absorption)

ARB

Suffix - tan

For hypertension

Blocks angiotensin receptors so angiotensin II cannot bind at AT1 receptor, occurs after angiotensin II is already created

Blocks vasoconstriction (causes vasodilation), sympathetic activation, aldosterone, and renal sodium absorption (decreases H2O and salt absorption)

All of this works to decrease BP and hypertension

Calcium Channel blockers

Suffix - pine (only effects smooth muscle)

Blocks calcium from binding at the DHP receptor point. decreases cardiac muscle contraction, antihypertensive medicine

Diuretics (water pills)

Suffix - mide or -ide

least heavy hitting, least side effects

Inhibit sodium and potassium absorption at kidney, decreasing H2O absorption. Increases urination and fluid excretion = lower BP, lower sodium

Lower BP and BV

Loop diuretic - Work at loop of Henle, decreases water

Thiazide diuretics - Block sodium and chloride absorption, decreases salt and water

Beta blockers

Suffix - lol or -ol

Hypertension, congestive heart failure, tachycardia, coronary artery disease

Block receptors on most tissues so NE + Epi (adrenaline) can not bind. This decreases SNS stimulation in heart and CV tissue

Decrease contractility → decrease SV, decrease CO, decrease HR

Block vasoconstriction (cause vasodilation) → decreasing TPR, decreasing BP

Big hitter, impacts everything

Anticoagulants

Suffix - in or -an

Prevents blood clots, prevent thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin

By inhibiting blood clots, blood appears thinner

People with strokes or major blood clots receive a prescribed anticoagulant to reduce blood clots traveling in body, not as common

Antilipemics effects on body

No diet change = decrease in cholesterol

Change in diet = massive decrease in cholesterol, leading to less need for medication

No effect on HR (exercise and rest)

No effect on BP (rest and exercise)

No change on exercise capacity

*Myopathy - muscle degradation, possible side effect. Any type of unexplained muscle fatigue, weakness, or pain needs to be reported to a physician.

What type of drug is:

Atorvastatin

Fluvastatin

Lovastatin

Simvastatin

Antilipemic

ACE inhibitors effect on body

No effect on HR (rest and exercise)

Decreases BP during rest and exercise via vasodilation

No effect on exercise capacity

*Dehydration is a major side effect, ensure patients are staying hydrated and have a proper warm up and cool down

*Angioedema - Swelling of skin, mouth, throat, or hands shows a sign of allergy to the drug or an adverse reaction (usually prescribed ARBs)

*Electrolyte substitution supplements should be approve by a physician to prevent acid base balance problems

What type of drug is:

Lisinopril

Captopril

Benazepril

Fosinopril

ACE inhibitor

ARB’s effect on the body

No effect on HR (rest and exercise) some patients have lower HR due to decreased sympathetic actvity (very rare)

Decrease BP during rest and exercise via vasodilation

No effect on exercise capacity

*Dehydration is a major side effect, ensure patients are staying hydrated and have a proper warm up and cool down

*Angioedema - can occur, but more prevalent in ACE inhibitors, ARB’s are a substitute for patients who have angioedema with an ACE inhibitor

*Electrolyte substitution supplements should be approve by a physician to prevent acid base balance problems

What type of drug is:

Eprosartan

Valsartan

Candesartan

Losartan

Telmisartan

ARB

Calcium Channel blockers effect on body

Effect on HR - can decrease during rest and exercise

Decrease BP during rest and exercise

No effect on exercise capacity, could alter ECG stress tests

*HR readings for DHP patients isn’t as reliable

What type of drug is:

Amlodipine

Felodipine

Nisoldipine

Varmil

Diltazem

Calcium channel blockers

-pine = effects only smooth muslces

last two = effects TPR and CO

Diuretics effect on the body

No effect on HR (rest and exercise)

Lowers BP by lowering plasma volume

No effect on exercise capacity

*Dehydration is a major concern, allow patient a longer cooldown and warmup, along with time to hydrate

What type of drug is:

Furosemide

Torsemide

Hydrochlorothiazide

Diuretics

mide = Loop diuretic

ide = Thiazide diuretic

Beta blockers effect on body

Decrease HR during rest and exercise

Decrease BP during rest and exercise

Generally, exercise capacity is reduced

*HR dependent exercise prescription will not be as valid

*Overall HR will be lower, requiring excellent notes of medication, or could become hypotensive

*New dose amount or medication requires a new graded test to see the changes it has on the body

What type of drug is:

Metopropol

Penbutolol

Bisoprolol

Atenolol

Beta blockers

Anticoagulants + antiplatelets impact on body

No effect on HR (rest and exercise)

No effect on BP (rest and exercise)

No change in exercise capacity

*Increase injury risk - bleed a lot with minor injuries, not life threatening but should be prepared with a medkit

*Hemorrhagic (major bleeding) with major injury could be fatal, know how to contact EMS

*Tell patient to inform their physicians, dentists, and doctors

What type of drug is:

Heparin

Warfarin

Rivaroxaban

Dabigatran

Enoxaparin

Anticoagulants / antiplatelets