Lesson 2 Art app until intoductory to Philosophical Perspective

What does telos mean?

Purpose, end, or goal.

Who argued that a thing's purpose or end defines its essence or nature?

Aristotle (384-322 BC).

What does Aristotle mean by "the nature of a thing is its end"?

A thing's purpose helps define its essential nature.

What does Aristotle call the purpose of a thing?

The final cause.

What is the purpose of a human being according to the passage?

Rationality, or the capacity to think and speak.

What does purpose (telos) give a thing?

Its function.

How does the concept of telos apply to art?

Art has functions that are derived from its nature.

What are the three functions of art?

Personal or subjective, physical, and social.

What is the personal function of art?

Art serves as a means of personal expression, entertainment, or therapy.

Why is the personal function of art highly subjective?

Because people can have different views and interpretations of art.

Can two people have different artistic views?

Yes. A person's artistic views may vary from another person's.

Why might an artist create art?

For self-expression or for the purpose of art itself.

How can other people view art personally?

They may see it as a means of entertainment or therapy.

What artwork captures the personal function of art?

Gustave Courbet's The Desperate Man (1845).

What does The Desperate Man express?

Courbet's troubled thoughts and emotions as an artist struggling for recognition.

What is the main idea of the personal function of art?

Art can reflect an individual's thoughts, emotions, experiences, and need for self-expression.

What is the physical function of art?

Art created for a physical purpose or practical use.

What does art with a physical function provide?

A practical or functional use.

What are examples of art with physical functions?

Architecture, pottery, jewelry, and decorative arts.

What is Fallingwater?

A house museum in Pennsylvania, USA and a famous example of architectural art.

Who designed Fallingwater?

Frank Lloyd Wright.

What does Fallingwater demonstrate about art?

It demonstrates art's physical or practical function through architecture.

What is the main idea of the physical function of art?

Art can be both beautiful and useful for a practical purpose.

What is the social function of art?

Art that addresses a collective or shared interest rather than just a personal interest.

What type of interests can art with a social function address?

Social and political interests or issues.

How can art serve a political purpose?

It can rally or encourage people toward a political goal.

What does social and political art often depict?

Social and political conditions.

What famous artwork is an example of art's social function?

Spoliarium by Juan Luna.

What does Spoliarium depict?

Dead slave gladiators being dragged into the underground spoliarium of the Roman Colosseum after the bloody circus.

What does Spoliarium symbolize?

The social injustice suffered by the Filipino nation under Spanish rule.

What is the main idea of the social function of art?

Art can express collective concerns and raise awareness about social or political issues.

What philosophical study focuses on art and beauty?

Aesthetics.

Since when has art been a subject of philosophical discussion?

Since the ancient Greeks.

What does aesthetics study?

Art and beauty.

Why are there different philosophical views about art?

Philosophers have different perspectives and interpretations of art.

Do philosophical views about art always agree with each other?

No. They may oppose or contradict each other.

Why are opposing views about art valuable?

They encourage us to look at art from different perspectives.

What are the three salient philosophical views about art?

Art as mimesis or imitation, art as representation, and art as communication of emotion.

What does mimesis mean?

Imitation or the copying of reality.

What is art as representation?

The view that art represents or depicts something.

What is art as communication of emotion?

The view that art communicates or expresses emotions.

What are the three philosophical views about art in short form?

Mimesis means imitation, representation means depicting something, and communication of emotion means expressing emotion.