imperialism

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy, economic or political means, or military force.

Colonialism

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

David Livingstone

an African explorer and missionary who hoped to open the African interior to trade and Christianity to end slavery

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Social Darwinism

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

Mansa Musa

Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world.

Old Imperialism

from the fifteenth century to the eighteenth, characterized by establishing posts and forts on coastal regions of Africa to trade or raid for slaves, but not penetrating inland to conquer entire regions or subjugate their populations

Henry Stanley

British-American explorer of Africa, famous for his expeditions. He helped King Leopold II establish the Congo Free State.

Leopold II

Belgian king who exploited the natives in the Congo for personal gain.

Force Publique

the armed force in the Congo under Leopold II's rule; made up of white Belgian officers and African soldiers with the goal of using harsh tactics against local people to establish control

Berlin Conference of 1884

Every country who wanted a part of Africa attended, and the continent was divided so no one would get into a conflict over the land.

Samori Toure

fought French forces in West Africa where he was trying to build his empire, eventually defeated & exiled by the French

Menelik II

reforming leader who defeated Italy in battle, and tried to modernize Ethiopia, allowing it to avoid imperial takeover

Liberia

A West African nation founded in 1822 by the American Colonization Society to serve as a homeland for free blacks to settle

Apartheid

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

neo-colonialism/neo-imperialism

the policy of a strong nation in seeking political and economic control over an independent nation or extended geographical area without necessarily taking it over; instead using economic forces, influence and globalization to gain resource and labor benefits without conflict

boxer rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

Maji Maji Rebellion

Africans thought that if they sprinkled magic water on their bodies, it would turn bullets to water; they attacked the Germans and thousands died by gun fire.

Opium Wars

war between Great Britain and China in the mid 1800's, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 Chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Suez Canal

A human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

Sepoy Rebellion

The revolt of Indian soldiers against the British in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.