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Fossil Fuels
Natural substances formed from decomposed organic materials, including coal, oil, and natural gas.
Combustion
The chemical reaction involved in burning fossil fuels, typically hydrocarbon combustion to produce CO₂ and H₂O.
Environmental Impact
The effects of energy production and use on the environment, including CO₂ emissions, global warming, and pollutants.
Renewable Energy
Energy sources that can be replenished naturally, such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass.
Nuclear Fission
The splitting of a large atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei, releasing energy.
Uranium-235
An isotope commonly used in nuclear fission as fuel in nuclear reactors.
Photovoltaic Cells
Devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials like silicon.
Greenhouse Gases
Gases, including CO₂ and CH₄, that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming.
Carbon Footprint
The total amount of CO₂ emissions produced directly and indirectly by human activities.
Galvanic Cells
Electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous reactions.
Electrolysis
A process that uses electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
Energy Density
The amount of energy stored per unit volume or mass of a fuel.
Efficiency of Energy Conversions
A measure of how effectively energy is converted from one form to another, often expressed as a percentage.
Fuel Cells
Devices that generate electricity through redox reactions, often using hydrogen and oxygen as reactants.
Active Solar Heating
A heating system that uses equipment such as pumps and fans to circulate heat from the collector to the desired area.
Passive Solar Heating
A design strategy that maximizes natural heating through building orientation and materials without mechanical assistance.
Electrolytic Cell
A type of cell used to drive an electrochemical reaction that would not occur spontaneously.
Hydrogen Fuel Production
The process of producing hydrogen, often through electrolysis, for use as a clean energy source.
Energy Conservation
Efforts to reduce energy consumption through being more efficient and reducing waste.
