Glycolipids & Cholesterol

Cerebrosides

It is the simplest glycosphingolipid in the body

Ceramide (Fatty Acid + Sphingosine) and a single sugar residue (the head group)

Cerebrosides contains?

Glucose (glucosylcerebroside or GlcCer) or galactose (galactosylcerebroside or GalCer)

Cerebrosides contains either?

Galactosylcerebroside or GalCer

It is the major lipid of myelin

Glucosylcerebroside GlcCer

It is the major glycosphingolipid of extraneural tissues but also present in small amounts in the brain.

Cerebrosides, Sulfatides (Sulfogalactosylceramides), Globoside, Gangliosides

Major types of glycolipids

Glycolipid

It is a lipid that contains both fatty acid an a carbohydrate component attached to a sphingosine molecule.

Sugar / Carbohydrate

Glycolipid has _____________ instead of phosphate group.

cerebrosides

It is the simplest sphingoglycolipids

Gangliosides

It is the complex sphingoglycolipids

Nervous tissue, brain

Glycolipids are widely distributed in every tissue of the body, particularly in ________ such as ____.

outer leaflet

Glycolipids occur particularly in the ___________ of the plasma membrane.

Sulfatides

Also called as Sulfogalactosylcereamides

C3 sulfated

Sulfatides are ___________ cerebroside (specifically, a galactosylcerebroside)

cerebroside 3-sulfate

It is the other term for C3 sulfated cerebroside

Sulfatides

It is present in high amounts of myelin

Sulfatides

It is present in early stages of alzheimer’s disease

Globoside

It contains Cerebroside + 2 or more sugars

N-acetylgalactosamine

The side chain of globoside is?

C1

Where is the oligosaccharide of globoside attached?

Gangliosides

-It is a complex glycosphingolipids derived from glucosylceramide that contain in addition one or more molecules of sialic acid

-A lot of sugar attached to it

glucosylceramide, sialic acid

Ganglioside is a complex glycosphingolipids derived from __________ that contain in addition one or more molecules of _____.

Hydroxyl group

Sterol has the presence of?

Cholesterol

It is the major sterol in the body

Hydrophobic

Cholesterol is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Three 6-membered rings, one 5-membered ring

Cholesterol is a lipid whose structure is based on a fused ring system that involves ______________ and ___________.

plasma membrane, plasma lipoproteins

Sterols are major constituent of _________ and ________ .

Nervous tissue

Sterols are widely distributed in all cells of the body but particularly in __________.

bile acids, steroid hormones (adrenocortical and sex hormones), vit D

Sterols are precursors of _______, _________ (________ and ______) and ________.

proteins

Cholesterol, bound to ________, is transported to tissues vessels

low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Cholesterol in ________ tends to deposit and clog arteries

stabilizer

Sterols act as a ________ by modifying membrane fluidity (phase transition temperature).