Studied by 11 people
Population Distribution
where people live in a geographic area
Climate
the long-term patterns of weather in a particular area
Temperate Climates
a climate with moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation amounts
Migration
the permanent movement of people from one place to another
Population Density
the number of people occupying a unit of land
Arithmetic Density
the total number of people per unit area of land; also called crude density
Physiological Density
the total number of people per unit of arable land
Arable Land
land that can be used to grow crops
Agricultural Density
the total number of farmers per unit of arable land.
Subsidence Agriculture
an agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one's family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and the livestock
Carrying Capacity
the maximum population size an environment can sustain
Dependency Ratio
the number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (ages 15 to 64), multiplied by 100
Demographics
data about the structures and characteristics of human populations
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
the number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population
Infant Mortality Rate
the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births
Life Expectancy
the average numbers of years a person is expected to live
Population Pyramid
a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population
Rate of Natural Increase
rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate
Doubling Time
the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double
Urbanization
urban growth and development
Overpopulation
a term used to describe the condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life
Neo-Malthusian
describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth's resources
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
a model that represents the shift in growth of the world's populations, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate
Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)
a model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death
Antinatalist
describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth
Pronatalist
describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth
Land Degradation
long-term damage to the soil's ability to support life
Mobility
all types of movement from one location to another.
Emigration
movement away from a location
Immigration
movement to a location
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration 1-4
Migration is typically over a short distance, 2. Migration occurs in a series of steps, 3. Long distance migration tends to go to urban areas, 4. Rural residents are more likely to move than urban residents
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration 5-8
Women more often migrate inside their own country and men migrate outside of the country, 6. Most migrants are young adult males, 7. Every migration creates a counter flow of some sort, 8. Migration is mostly due to economic causes
Net Migration
the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or country
Gravity Model
a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton's law of universal gravitation
Push Factor
negative cause that compels someone to leave a location
Pull Factor
a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
Voluntary Migration
type of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place
Forced Migration
type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors
Internal Migration
a movement within a country's borders
Transnational Migration
international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin
Transhumance
the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter
Chain Migration
type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there
Step Migration
a series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination
Intervening Obstacle
an occurrence that holds migrants back
Guest Worker
a migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor
Refugee
a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death
Asylum Seeker
someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being a refugee or having refugee status
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country's borders
Human Trafficking
defined by the United Nations as "the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)"
Repatriate
to return to one's home country
Interregional Migration
movement from one region of a country to another
Intraregional Migration
movement within one region of a country
Quota
limit on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year
Remittance
money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country
Brain Drain
the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another—often richer—country
Relocation Diffusion
the spread of culture traits through the movement of people
Ethnic Enclaves
a cultural landscape within a community of people outside of their area of origin
Thomas Malthus (Malthusian Theory)
population will grow exponentially while agricultural productivity will grow at a linear rate, and that this would lead to a starvation pandemic
Fertility Rate
the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime
Note 
Flashcard (93)