Unit 8 Vocabulary Review

Flashcards created to review key vocabulary related to significant historical events and figures during the Cold War and beyond.

The Cold War was a period of __ between the United States and the Soviet Union.

political tension and military rivalry.

The Yalta Conference took place in __.

February 1945.

The Potsdam Conference was held in __.

July 1945.

__ was the President of the United States after Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Harry Truman.

The __ is a powerful thermonuclear weapon developed after World War II.

hydrogen bomb.

The principle of __ refers to the right of peoples to determine their own political status.

self-determination.

The __ was established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and peace.

United Nations.

The term __ refers to the division between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War.

Iron Curtain.

__ is an economic system where private individuals own and control property and businesses.

capitalism.

__ is a political and economic ideology advocating for communal ownership of production.

communism.

Countries under the influence of the Soviet Union are referred to as __.

satellite countries.

The policy of __ aimed to prevent the spread of communism.

containment.

The __, introduced in 1947, aimed to provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.

Truman Doctrine.

The __ was an American initiative passed in 1947 for foreign aid to Western Europe.

Marshall Plan.

The __ was a competition between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. for supremacy in space exploration.

Space Race.

__, launched in 1957, was the first artificial Earth satellite.

Sputnik.

The doctrine of __ involves the idea that mutually assured destruction prevents nuclear war.

mutual assured destruction (MAD).

The __, established in 1961, consists of countries who did not formally align with either bloc during the Cold War.

Non-Aligned Movement.

__ refers to wars where two opposing countries support combatants that serve their interests instead of waging war directly against each other.

proxy wars.

The __ was a Soviet blockade of West Berlin from 1948 to 1949.

Berlin Blockade.

The __ was built in 1961 and stood as a barrier between East and West Berlin until 1989.

Berlin Wall.

__ is a military alliance formed in 1949 among North American and European countries.

NATO.

The __ was established in 1955 as a collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies.

Warsaw Pact.

The __ was a conflict between North and South Korea from 1950 to 1953.

Korean War.

The __ was a prolonged conflict in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975.

Vietnam War.

__ was the U.S. President during part of the Cold War and associated with major events like the Cuban Missile Crisis.

JFK.

__ succeeded JFK and escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

Lyndon B. Johnson.

The __ suggests that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would follow.

domino theory.

__ was the leader of Cuba who came to power after the Cuban Revolution in 1959.

Fidel Castro.

The __ was an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles supported by the U.S. in 1961.

Bay of Pigs invasion.

The __ was a 1962 confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis.

__ was the leader of the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War.

Nikita Khrushchev.

The __, signed in 1963, prohibited all test detonations of nuclear weapons except for those conducted underground.

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty.

The __, established in 1968, sought to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology.

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

The __ was a social and economic campaign initiated by the Chinese Communist Party from 1958 to 1960.

Great Leap Forward.

The __ was a sociopolitical movement in China that aimed to impose communist ideology in all aspects of society starting in 1966.

Cultural Revolution.

The __ were a militant youth organization that played a prominent role during the Cultural Revolution.

Red Guards.

The __ in Iran was a 1979 revolution that resulted in the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy.

Iranian Revolution.

The __ took place in 1947 and led to the creation of India and Pakistan.

Partition of India.

__ refers to the process of transition from colonial rule to independent governance.

decolonization.

The __ was a diplomatic and military confrontation between Egypt and Israel in 1956.

Suez Crisis.

The __ was a conflict fought in June 1967 between Israel and its neighbors including Egypt.

Six-Day War.

The __ occurred in 1973 between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt.

Yom Kippur War.

The __ were a series of agreements between Egypt and Israel brokered by the U.S. in 1979.

Camp David Accords.

__, an Indian activist, is known for leading non-violent resistance against British rule.

Gandhi.

__ was a prominent leader in the American civil rights movement.

MLK Jr.

__ was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary who became the country's first black president.

Nelson Mandela.

__ is a terrorist organization founded in the late 20th century.

al-Qaeda.

__ was the founder of al-Qaeda.

Osama bin Laden.

__ was a U.S. president known for conservative policies and the end of the Cold War diplomacy with the Soviet Union.

Ronald Reagan.

__ was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union who initiated reforms in the late 1980s.

Mikhail Gorbachev.

__ is the political and economic reform process started by Gorbachev in the 1980s, aimed at restructuring the economy.

perestroika.

__ refers to the policy of openness or transparency in government initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s.

glasnost.

The __ occurred in 1986 due to a reactor failure at a nuclear power plant in Ukraine.

Chernobyl disaster.

The __ marked the end of the Cold War and was a significant event in 1989 that symbolized the fall of communism in Eastern Europe.

Fall of the Berlin Wall.

The __ were a series of pro-democracy protests occurring in China in 1989.

Tiananmen Square protests.