CANDY Exam 1 and a small amount of Exam 2

citrate synthase

The TCA cycle enzyme that catalyses the conversion of oxloacetate and acetyl CoA to citrate and coenzyme a is

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

the vitamin niacin becomes pare of the structure of which important coenzyme

ascorbic acids

which vitamin is essential for the hydroxylation of poly residues in collagen?

All of the statements below regarding the active site of an enzyme are true except one. Which one is NOT TRUE? The active site of an enzyme:

A: binds substrate according to the "induced fit" model.

kcat

which of the following has units of reciprocal time, and is known as the turnover number or an enzyme?

covalent catalysis and general acid base catalysis

the enzyme chymotrypsin employs which of the following strategies in the reaction is catalyses?

glycogen phosphorylase

the activity of which enzyme listed below is regulated by reversible covalent modification? phosphorylation

ATP

the enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase is heterotripically activated by which compound?

vitamin A

a deficiency in which vitamin can cause night blindness?

heparin

inactivation of thrombin and other proteases involved in blood clotting most notably factor Xa can be achieved by using?

II, VII, IX, X

warfarin inhibits the synthesis of biologically active forms of factors

oxidoreductase

lactate dehydrogenase belongs to which class of enzymes?

oxidoreductase

lactate dehydrogenase belongs to which class of enzymes?

coenzyme A

the vitamin pantothenate becomes part of the structure of which important enzyme?

NAD

what is the name of this structure?

NAD

what is the name of this structure?

aspartate aminotransferase and chymotrypsin

which of the following enzymes obey the ping-pong kinetic mechaism?

cytidilate

A pentose with a 5' phosphate group, a 2'-OH group, and a 1'pyrimidine group describes which

of the following structures?

Oroditylate decraboxylase

Orotidylate is decarboxylated to form uridylate (UMP), a major pyrimidine nucleotide

that is a precursor to RNA. This reaction is catalyzed by:

carbamoyl phosphate

The original atoms in the pyridine ring are mostly contributed by

NAD, FAD, FMN

nucleotide coenzymes

allopurinol

one agent that acts as a suicide inhibitor of its target enzyme

AMP and GMP

purine nucleotide biosynthesis can be inhibited by which?

To GMP requires Glutamine

The conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP)

Glutamine, Aspartate, Glutamine

3 AA that donate amine groups for the purine biosynthesis

7.5

If an acidic drug has a ratio of conjugate base to acid of 10 to 1 at pH 7.5, the pKa

of the acidic group is

tryptophan and tyrosine

Which Amino Acid absorb ultraviolet light per mole at 280 nm?

phospholipid

Which type of biomolecule is amphipathic and forms the foundation of the bilayer

structure of the cell membrane?

glycine

Which amino acid cannot rotate plane-polerized light ie does not exist as a pair of

enantiomers?

methonine

Which amino acid below has a side chain that can participate in hydrogen bond?

positive

Lysine pK1: 2.18 pk2: 8.95 pKR: 10.53 charge at pH=7.4 is?

Leucine and Isoleucine and methonine

An example of an amino acid that might be found within the hydrophobic core of a

protein such as myoglobin would be

secondary

B-turn is which type of protein structure?

N-Ca bond and C double O bond

rotation is possible at which bond in polypeptide chain ?

quaternary

Phosphofructokinase is a tetramer of 4 identical subunits refers to which type of

protein structure?

synthesise polynucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction

Both DNA and RNA polymerase are able to

a antiparallel dimer of nucleic acid strands

the major form of eukaryotic DNA exists as

30% of the total bases

if cytosine content of duplex DNA is 20% of total bases, then the adenine content would be

a 3' OH primer is not required for RNA synthesis

DNA transcription is distinguished from DNA replication by which of the following?

primase

which of the following created an RNA primer to start DNA replication?

nucleic acids

a phosphodiester linkage is found in what type of biomolecule?

exist in proteins only as D-isomer

which statement is not true about standard AA?

DNA synthesized 3' to 5' direction on one strand and 5' to 3' on the other?

Replication of DNA is characterized by the following except

it is a type of ester bond

A buffer composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base will be most effective in

neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base at or near a pH equal to:

pKa of the acid

All the following are true about peptide bond except:

A: it is type of ester bond

B: formed through nucleophilic attack of the amnio nitrogen of one AA onto the

carbonxyl carbon of another*

C: formed in cell on the ribosome

D: very difficult to break

E: can sometimes be cleaved through action of proteases

structures that contain histones in the core with DNa wrapped around the surface of

the core

nucleosomes are best described as

ribosomes

proportion of cellular RNA is found in the

CT sequences

in a DNA double helix, the AG sequences are as frequent as the: A: AU sequences

CGT

If template DNA is read at ACG, then the synthesized complementary DNA by DNA

polymerase is:

tertiary

The Unique 3D shape of a protein refers to which structure:

hydrophobic forces

Which type of weak, noncovalent force of attraction is the primary driving

force for the folding of

There is a cooperative effect of the many hydrogen bonds that hold adjacent base pairs together

The DNA strands of the double helix have tremendous affinity for each other this is because

antiporter

the sodium hydrogen exchanger located in the plasma membrane of a renal proximal tubular epithelium is

antiporter

the chloride bicarbonate exchange located in the plasma membrane of the red blood cells is an

10 to -1

the equation below represent the loss (

and gain ) of a proton from the side chain of histidine which as a pka of 6.1. what would be the ratio of deprotonated to protonated histidine at pH 7.1?

1 to -10

the equation below represent the loss (

and gain ) of a proton from the side chain of histidine which as a pka of 6.1. what would be the ratio of protonated to deprotonated histidine at pH 7.1?

10 to -1

the equation below represents the loss (and gain) of a proton from the side chain of histidine, which has a pka of 6.1. what would be the ration of protonated to deprotanated histidine at pH 5.1?

fatty acid binding protein

which of the following proteins has an antiparallel B -BArrel domain structure?

low pH

the Bohr effect to the increased release of oxygen from haemoglobin at the tissue In response to what condition?

low pH

the Bohr effect of haemoglobin promotes increases release of oxygen to tissues in response to?

oxygen

which of the following ligands, upon binding to haemoglobin will tend to shift the equilibrium from the T to R state?

2,3-BPG

Protons H+

CO2

Cl

which of the following ligands, upon binding to haemoglobin, will tend to shift the equilibrium from the R to T state?

2,3 BPG

binds into a site that is present in the T state structure of haemoglobin, but is absent in the R state

dissociates from a binding site in the t state structure when hemoglobin undergoes its T to R transition

hydrophobic forces

which type of weak, noncovalent force of attraction is the primary driving force of gobular proteins

hydrophobic forces

which type of weak non covalent force of attraction is the primary driving force of formation of DNA double helix

cholesterol

all of the biomolecules are examples of carbohydrates except

3.0

What is the pH of a 0.10 M solution of an acidic drug that has an acid dissociation constant (Ka) of 1.0 x 10^-5 M?

the pkA of the acid

A buffer composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base will be most effective in neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base at or near a pH equal to:

acetal

The bond that links the two glucose units in maltose is known as a(n)___ bond or linkage.

glycerphospholipids or phospholipid

Which type of biomolecule listed below is amphipathic and help form the foundation of the bilayer structure of the cell membrane?

cysteine

he amino acid that can form what are known as disulfide bonds within peptides and proteins is

proline

The amino acid that is known as an "a-helix breaker" is:

secondary

The B-pleated sheet is a type of protein ___ structure.

quaternary

The statement "Hemoglobin is a heterotetramer containing two a-type subunits and two B-type subunits refers to the ___structure of hemoglobin.

beta turn

In which type of protein secondary structural element is residue (I) hydrogen bonded to residue (I+3)?

beta adrenergic receptor

Which of the following is a seven-transmembrane segment protein involved in signaling?

tyrosine and serine

Which of the following amino acid residues in a protein can serve as the site of attachment of a phosphoryl group in a post-translational phosphorylation event?

asparagine

Which of the following amino acid residues in a protein can serve as the site of attachment of a carbohydrate group in a post-translational glycosylation event?

27

A particular alpha helix in a globular protein contains 18 amino acid residues. Approximately how many amino acids would the alpha helix be (in angstroms)?

John Kendrew

The name of the scientist who, in 1959, solved the structure of myoglobin using x -ray crystallography is

Christian Anfinsen

A scientist who in the 1950s discovered that a protein's structure can be encoded in its primary structure amino acid sequence was

it links 2 AA residues in a polypeptide chain

Which of the following statements is true about the peptide bond?

an increase in the partial pressure due to oxygen

Which of the following causes a cooperative increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

contains subunits in which His-143 of the adult beta type chains has been replaced with a serien residue

fetal hemoglobin

HbF finds 2,3-BPG less strongly than does HbA

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) can take up oxygen under conditions in which maternal hemoglobin (HbA) releases oxygen because

XII

A deficiency in which one of the following coagulation factors would be associated with a prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT) without evidence of bleeding:

platelet

Different types of blood cells are formed from the stem cells of bone marrow. Regulatory factor control the differentiation of stem cells into blasts. Each of the five kinds of blasts is committed to producing one type of mature blood cell. Megakaryoblast is the precursor of which of the following cells?

liver

Plasma proteins are made by which organ?

liver

Vitamin K-dependent zymogens are synthesized by which organ?

plasminogen

Which of the following plasma proteins is NOT involved in blood coagulation?

Factor VII

Which of the following components of blood can be present in its active form in circulating without deleterious effects because it is not catalytically active until it forms a complex with Factor III?

Factor VIII

A deficiency or defect in one of the factors involved in blood coagulation is causative for development of hemophilia. Deficiency in which of the following factors causes classic hemophilia A?

TFPI

Which of the following uniquely inhibits the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation?

inhibit activity of the vitamin k cycle

the major effect of Warfarin on blood coagulation is to

they will adhere to the walls of damaged blood vessels

Which of the following statements regarding platelets is correct?

is inhibited in uninjured blood vessels by prostacyclin of intact vascular epithelium

The process leading to platelet aggregation

carboxylation to become gamma-carboxyglutamic acid

Vitamin K serves is an essential cofactor for an enzyme that catalyzes the post-translational modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins including Prothrombin and Factors VII, IX, and X. These proteins have in common the requirement to be post-translationally modified by which process?

15

The percentage of calories provided by protein in one serving of the food bearing the label below (see figure) is approximately

56

What would be your likely recommendation of daily protein intake (in grams) for a male student whose body weight is 70 kilograms?

60

An adult male patient weighs 75 kilograms. What should his protein intake in grams be, based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances?

may decrease up to 50% during periods of starvation

Basal metabolic rate: