Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions from the Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 study guide.

Nursing Process

A patient-centered and cyclical process consisting of Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE).

Skin Assessment

Evaluation of color, moisture, temperature, turgor, edema, and lesions.

Lesion Types

Includes macule (flat), papule (raised), nodule (firm), vesicle (blister), pustule (pus-filled), and ulcer (loss of skin).

Edema Scale

Ranges from 1+ (2 mm) to 4+ (8 mm) for measuring swelling.

Respiratory Sounds

Includes crackles (fluid), rhonchi (mucus), wheezing (narrow airway), and stridor (obstruction).

Heart Valve Landmarks

Aortic (2nd R ICS), Pulmonic (2nd L ICS), Tricuspid (4th L ICS), Mitral (5th ICS midclavicular).

Physical Assessment Order

Order of techniques: Inspect → Palpate → Percuss → Auscultate.

Restraints

Require provider order, assess every 2 hours, use least restrictive method, and document thoroughly.

PPE Donning Order

Gown → Mask → Goggles → Gloves

PPE Doffing Order

Gloves → Goggles → Gown → Mask

Hand Hygiene

Use soap/water for visible soil or C. diff; sanitizer for routine use (≥20 seconds).

Common Positions

Fowler’s, Semi-Fowler’s, Supine, Prone, Sims’, Lateral.

Interdisciplinary Team

Includes RN, LPN, CNA, RT, PT, pharmacist, dietitian.

Therapeutic Communication

Involves empathy and active listening.

ISBAR

A communication framework: Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation.

Maslow’s Hierarchy

1) Physiologic, 2) Safety, 3) Love/Belonging, 4) Esteem, 5) Self-Actualization.

Infection Control

Local signs: redness, warmth, swelling; Systemic signs: fever, high WBC.

Vital Signs

Bradypnea

Documentation Methods

Focus (DAR), Exception (abnormals only), Complete (objective/timely).

ADLs

Activities of daily living include bathing, dressing, eating, toileting, mobility.