Methods of Extraction + Chemistry

a method of isolating volatile oils under distillation process that requires fresh sample or samples which are resistant to high temp

water-distillation

a method of isolating volatile oils under distillation process that are for dried sample not subject to injury by boiling

water-distillation

what method of isolating volatile oils under distillation process is used for:

turpentine oil

water-distillation

a method of isolating volatile oils under distillation process that involves no active boiling of the sample

H2O and steam distillation

a method of isolating volatile oils under distillation process that can be done on fresh or dried samples

H2O and steam distillation

a method of isolating volatile oils under distillation process that does not use air

no vehicle distillation

no vehicle distillation is also known as ______________

destructive distillation

destructive distillation has a disadvantage of forming an ______________ odor (smoke-like/burn-like)

empyreumatic odor

a method of isolating volatile oils under expression that is a process involving a machine/ mechanical device with spikes designed to puncture the oil glands located in the outer portion of the peel

eucelle

in eucelle

the _____ is then pressed to remove oil from glands.
it is then sprayed with _____ that washes oil from the mashed peel.
the resulting oil emulsion is separated by ___________

fruit
water
centrifugation

a method of isolating volatile oils under expression that is for the extraction of delicate perfumes

enfleurage

in enfleurage,

layer of _______ is spread over a glass plate
and ________ are placed over fatty pomade layer which absorbs volatile oil.

the exhausted petals are replaced by _________
this process continues till the fatty layer is saturated volatile principle which are then extracted with _______ solvent

fat
flower petal

fresh petal
lipid

a method of isolating volatile oils is used in perfume industry and is an expensive method

extraction

in extraction, parts containing volatiles oils are extracted directly by on of the _______________ solvents as they are crush and mixed in the solvent and are separated by distillation

organic

what method isolating volatile oil do the ff undergo:

Oil of rose

extraction

give the ff for the extraction method

advantages: ___________
disadvantages: _____________

low BPs
expensive and toxic solvents

a method of isolating volatile oils where CO2 is the main gas used

extraction by supercritical fluid extraction

in extraction by supercritical fluid extraction, what is the main gas used?

CO2

a method of isolating that are for glycosidic volatile oils (mustard oil)

enzymatic hydrolysis

name the ff isoprene units:

myrcene

aka acyclic monoterpene

myrcene

name the ff isoprene units:

limonene

aka monocyclic terpene

limonene

name the ff isoprene units:

a-pinene

aka bicyclic terpene

a-pinene

__________ are organic compounds consisting of multiples of __________ units, and are by far the most dominant constituent of essential oils

terpenes
isoprene

in OIL OF WINTERGREEN contains about ____% of ___________

98% methyl salicyate

in ORANGE OIL contains about ____% of ___________

90% of D-Limonene

in ORANGE OIL contains about ____% of ___________

90% of Linalool

in CASSIA contains about ____% of ___________

95% of cinnamaldehyde

chemical constituents of volatile oils may be divided into 2 broad classes based on BIOSYNTHETIC ORIGIN, namely:
_________ and _________

terpene derivatives
aromatic compounds

terpene derivatives are formed via the _______________ pathway

acetate-mevalonic pathway

aromatic compounds are formed via the _______________ route

shikimic acid-phenylpropanoid route

name this terpene derivative:

menthol

the terpene derivative, MENTHOL, is derived from ______ oil

peppermint oil

name this terpene derivative:

carvone

the terpene derivative, CARVONE, is derived from ______ oil

caraway oil

name this terpene derivative:

thymol

the terpene derivative, THYMOL, is derived from ______ oil

thyme oil

name this aromatic compound:

eugenol

the aromatic compound, EUGENOL, is derived from ______ oil

clove oil

name this aromatic compound:

anethole

the aromatic compound, ANETHOLE, is derived from ______ oil

anise oil

name this aromatic compound:

cinnamaldehyde

the aromatic compound, CINNAMALDEHYDE, is derived from ______ oil

cinnamon oil

citronella oil is used as an _____________

insect repellant

eucalyptus oil is used/administered as an __________

inhalant

thymol is used in ________________

mouthwashes and gargles