Year 9 Humanities - Colonies to Federation

Vocabulary flashcards covering key dates, colonies, individuals, and events relating to the development of Australian colonies, the Gold Rush, and Federation.

what year Governor Arthur Phillip established the first British settlement at Sydney.

1788

The year Van Diemen's Land became a separate colony.

1825

Swan River Colony

The original name of Western Australia, proclaimed as a colony on $18^{\text{th}}$ June $1829$.

The year the Swan River Colony changed its name to Western Australia.

$$1832$$

when did South Australia become a free colony

Established as a free colony (not a penal colony) on $28^{\text{th}}$ December $1836$.

Victoria

Became a separate colony in July $1851$, the same year the Victorian Gold Rush began.

who is Peter lalor

eureka stockade is An uprising led by Peter Lalor that took place at Ballarat in $1854$.

when did van diemens land change to Tasmania

The official name given to Van Diemen's Land in $1856$.

$8$-hour day campaign

A movement that began in Melbourne on $21^{\text{th}}$ April $1856$.

Queensland

Authorised as a separate colony by letters patent in $1859$.

$$1863$$

The year the Northern Territory was transferred into the control of South Australia.

Federation

The process by which Australia became a single nation on $1\text{ Jan }1901$ and the Australian Constitution came into effect.

$$1911$$

The year the ACT was created and the Northern Territory was transferred to Commonwealth control.

$$1927$$

The year Federal Parliament first met in Canberra.

Peter Lalor

An Irish miner who led the armed miners during the Eureka Stockade at Bakery Hill.

Edmund Barton

The first Prime Minister of Australia.

Sir Henry Parkes

An influential leader known as the Father of Federation who delivered the Tenterfield Oration.

Tenterfield Oration

A speech calling for Federation delivered by Henry Parkes on $24^{\text{th}}$ Oct $1889$.

Bathurst

The site of the first gold discovery in Australia.

Ballarat

The site of the first major gold discovery in Victoria.

Canberra

The city chosen to be the capital because it was a compromise between Sydney and Melbourne.

Gold Rush Economic Impact

Stabilised international currencies under the gold standard, expanded formal banking, and caused environmental damage.

Gold Rush Social Impact

Triggered global migration and rapid development but also severe discrimination against Aboriginal people and Chinese migrants.

Gold Rush Political Impact

Sparked miner rebellions that forced governments to expand democratic voting rights.

Reasons for Federation

United defence, shared national identity, and free trade.

Reasons against Federation

Power imbalance between smaller/larger regions, high costs of federal infrastructure, and loss of rights for local leaders.

Adult Suffrage Act

Legislation through which Victoria enacted equal voting rights for women.