Relating to the scientific study of human history and prehistory and their culture from the analysis of fossil remains and artefacts
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Archaic
Very old or ancient
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Assimilation (partial replacement) model
A model to explain the origin of present day humans. This model propose that all living humans has an African origin and when they migrated out of Africa, there was occasional interbreeding with archaic humans that were already living in other parts of the world, resulting in hybrid populations
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Bipedal
Describes an animal that walks on two legs
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Coexisted
Existed at the same time and place
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Foramen magnum
The hole at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord connect of the brain
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Gracile
Slender, thin build
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Hominid
A member of the family Hominidae, which includes humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans
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Hominin
A member of the tribe Hominini, which include modern humans, extinct Homo species and our bipedal ancestors (e.g Australopithecus, Parahropus and Ardipithecus)
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Hominini
The taxonomic tribe that includes modern humans, extinct humans species and our bipedal ancestors (e.g Australopithecus, Parahropus and Ardipithecus)
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Hominoid
A member of the superfami;y Homindea, which includes humans, great apes (orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos) and lesser apes (gibbons)
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Hominoidea
The taxonomic superfamily that includes humans, great apes (orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos) and lesser apes (gibbons)
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Homo
The genus of anthropoid mammals of which humans (homo sapiens) are the only living species; includes numerous extinct species and subspecies, such as neanderthals (H. neanderthalensis) H. erectus, H. ergaster and H. habilis
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Interbreeding
The mating of two different species
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Multiregional evolution (continuity) model
A model used to explain the origins of modern humans. This theory proposes significant migration of homo erectus across Africa, Asia and Europe for the last 1.8 million years. Isolation between the populations resulting in the divergence of biology and behaviour, but occasional contact ensured gene flow was maintained and led to concurrent evolution of all groups of all groups into homo sapiens
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Out of Africa (replacement) model
A model to explain the origins of modern humans. This model proposes that all living modern humans evolved from a single common ancestor in Africa about 200 000 years ago and as they spread throughout the world they displaced all other human species
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Palentolopothy
A branch of anthropology that involves the study of fossil hominins, contributing to our knowledge of human evolution
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Primate
A member of the order Primates, which includes humans, great apes (orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos), lesser apes (gibbons), monkeys (old world monkeys and New World monkeys) and prosimians (lemurs, tarsiers and lorises)
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Subspecies
Populations within a species that show genetic differences across a geographical range.
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