BIO 202 Animal Biodiversity Flashcards

Flashcards covering animal biodiversity, focusing on chordates and vertebrates.

Metazoa

Multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic and have tissues.

Parazoa

Animals that lack true tissues.

Radiata

Animals with radial symmetry.

Bilateria

Animals with bilateral symmetry.

What phylum includes animals with a notochord at some stage in their life cycle?

Phylum Chordata

What is a notochord?

A supportive rod found in chordates.

What are the five distinctive features of Phylum Chordata?

Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail, endostyle.

What are the two invertebrate subphyla within Phylum Chordata?

Cephalochordata and Urochordata

What animals are in the Subphylum Cephalochordata?

Lancelets or amphioxus.

How do cephalochordates feed?

They filter-feed by passing water over pharyngeal slits covered in mucus.

What animals are in the Subphylum Urochordata?

Tunicates

What animals are in the Class Ascidiacea?

Sea squirts

What forms do ascidians take as adults?

Solitary and colonial zooids.

What is the primary feeding method of ascidians?

Filter-feeding

What animals are in the Class Thaliacea?

Planktonic urochordates.

Name the three orders within Class Thaliacea.

Salps, doliolids, and pyrosomes.

What animals are in the Class Appendicularia (Larvacea)?

Planktonic urochordates that retain all chordate features.

List the key characteristics of Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata).

Vertebral column, cranium, endoskeleton, neural crest.

What animals are in the Class Myxini?

Hagfishes

What animals are in the Class Petromyzontida?

Lampreys

What animals are in the Class Chondrichthyes?

Sharks, skates, and chimaeras.

What animals are in the Class Actinopterygii?

Ray-finned fishes.

What animals are in the Class Sarcopterygii?

Lobe-finned fishes

What are the major evolutionary progressions within the Subphylum Vertebrata?

Notochord to vertebral column, cartilage to bone, pharyngeal slits to gills, greater development of senses and brain, greater development of paired pectoral and pelvic fins, jaws derived from neural crest cells.

What is the primary feeding strategy of hagfishes (Class Myxini)?

Marine scavengers

What structure do hagfish use for rasping food?

Teeth of keratin on tongue

What is the structure of the mouth of lampreys (Class Petromyzontida)?

Sucker-like mouth with teeth of keratin.

What is the term for vertebrates that have jaws and paired appendages?

Gnathostomata

List key characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes.

Cartilaginous skeleton, placoid scales, no swim bladder, exposed gill openings, heterocercal caudal fin.

List key characteristics of Class Actinopterygii.

Bony skeleton, gills covered by bony operculum, homocercal caudal fin, swim bladder may be present, flexible rays support fins.

List key characteristics of Class Sarcopterygii.

Bony skeleton, gills covered by bony operculum, diphycercal caudal fin, swim bladder acts as a lung in lungfishes, strong fleshy lobed fins.

Osteichthyes

Vertebrates with bony skeletons.

Tetrapod evolution

The evolutionary transition from aquatic to terrestrial vertebrates.

Tetrapoda

Vertebrates with four limbs (tetrapods).

Amphibians

Animals in the Class Amphibia.

Amniotes

Ectothermic tetrapods with amniotic eggs.

Reptiles

Animals in the Class Reptilia.

Aves

Endothermic amniotes with feathers.

Mammals

Animals in the Class Mammalia.

Lungs, modification of paired fins for support and propulsion on land, modified skeleton to support weight on land.

What adaptations allowed the tetrapods to arise?

Key characteristics of Class Amphibia

Smooth skin with many glands, metamorphosis, ectothermic.

Amniotic egg

A shelled egg with extraembryonic membranes, including the amnion, chorion, and allantois.

Key characteristics of Class Reptilia

Scales of keratin, ectothermic, amniotic egg.

Key characteristics of

Feathers, endothermic, amniotic egg, wings and light skeleton for flight, high metabolic rate.