Principles of Crop Production Review Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering crop classification, plant anatomy, physiological processes, breeding methods, and agricultural management based on the lecture notes.

Green manure crops

Legume crops plowed under the soil at the flowering stage to increase soil productivity.

Vine

A herbaceous plant that needs a support to be able to stand upright.

Phloem

The tissue responsible for the translocation of food within a plant.

Xylem

The tissue responsible for the transport of water and mineral nutrients from the roots to the aerial plant parts.

Meristem

The tissue responsible for growth in plants.

Mitochondria

The organelle that serves as the site of respiration in a cell.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that are the site of photosynthesis because they contain chlorophyll.

Poaceae

The scientific family name for grasses, also known as Graminae.

Industrial crops

Crops grown primarily for raw material processing rather than direct human consumption.

Day-neutral plant

A plant, such as a tomato, that flowers regardless of the length of daylight it receives.

Binomial nomenclature

The system of naming species introduced by Linnaeus.

Recalcitrant seeds

Seeds that cannot be kept viable for long periods because they cannot withstand drying.

Root hairs

Structures that increase surface area for greater absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)

The effective wavelength range for photosynthesis, spanning from $400$ to $700$ nanometers.

G × E interaction

The interaction between Gene (Genotype) and Environment.

Optimum temperature

The temperature at which a biological process takes place at its fastest rate.

Etiolation

The abnormal elongation of a plant stem when grown in the dark.

Respiration

A biological process that releases energy.

Photosynthesis

A biological process that absorbs energy to produce carbohydrates.

C4 plants

Plants that are more efficient under tropical conditions because they minimize photorespiration.

Stoma

The primary opening in a plant through which water vapor exits during transpiration.

Backcross method

A breeding method used to restore a specific trait by crossing progeny repeatedly back to a recurrent parent.

Reciprocal cross

A cross where the sources of male and female gametes are reversed to determine if a trait is influenced by maternal or paternal inheritance.

Heterosis

Also known as hybrid vigor, it is the superiority of an F1 hybrid over its parents.

National Seed Industry Council (NSIC)

The agency in the Philippines authorized to approve the release of recommended crop varieties, replacing the Philippine Seed Board.

Hardpan

A compacted soil layer that restricts root penetration, often caused by repeated plowing at the same depth.

Primary tillage

The initial land preparation operation that breaks and loosens soil to a depth of approximately $15\,cm$.

Direct seeding

A planting method where seeds are planted directly into the field to germinate in place rather than being grown in seedbeds.

Gibberellin

A plant hormone that promotes stem elongation.

Abscisic acid (ABA)

A plant hormone that functions as a growth inhibitor.

Ethylene

A gaseous plant hormone known for promoting fruit ripening.

Field capacity

The maximum water-holding capacity of the soil after excess water has been drained.

Permanent wilting point

The soil moisture stage at which plants cannot recover even after water is added.

Climacteric crops

Fruits, such as mangoes, that continue to ripen after they have been harvested.

PhilMech

The Philippine government agency mandated to spearhead the development of postharvest technologies and mechanization.