Chapter 9 - Concepts

who decides if a hybrid offence becomes summary or indictable

the crown

if it’s a jury, who creates the sentence

judge

summary conviction offence

minor criminal offence

indictable offence

serious crimes

hybrid offence

crown has the right to proceed and impose a less severe punishment or by indictment

courtroom players

judge, crown prosecutor, defence council, court reporter, witness, clerk, accused

clerk

administers oaths, court files

biological theories of deviant behaviour

lombroso’s, xyy, sheldon’s theory of body types

historical theories of deviant behaviour

theory of anomie, ecological, consensus, strain

lombroso’s theory

criminality is inherited

physical characteristics

xyy theory

criminals have an extras y chromosome

sheldon’s theory of body types

believes medium body types are more likely to commit crimes

theory of anomie

as society moves from rural to urban, values that regulate behaviour are weakened

ecological theory

criminal behaviour encouraged by environments

consensus theory

universal definition of right and wrong and that criminal law reflects this consensus

strain theory

people commit crimes when they believe the goals society sets are not achievable in traditional means

contemporary theories of deviant behaviour

socialization, biological trait, neurophysiological

socialization theory

criminal behaviour found in upbringing

biological trait theory

some traits like diet and hormones might predispose someone to be more deviant

neurophysiological theory

neurological dysfunctions are connected with criminal activity

criminal court structure

trial level (prov superior court, fed court), court of appeal (fed/prov), supreme court