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What is climate change?
Definition: Long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns, mainly due to human activities.
What is Global Warming?
The overall increase in Earth's temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions.
Name the Natural causes of climate change
Volcanic Eruptions – Release carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), temporarily affecting global temperatures.
Solar Radiation Changes – Variations in the sun’s energy output can influence climate.
Milankovitch Cycles – Natural changes in Earth's orbit and tilt affecting climate over thousands of years.
Ocean Currents – Changes in ocean circulation patterns can impact global temperatures.
Name the human causes of climate change
Burning Fossil Fuels – Coal, oil, and gas release CO₂, increasing the greenhouse effect.
Deforestation – Cutting down trees reduces CO₂ absorption, leading to higher atmospheric CO₂ levels.
Agriculture – Livestock (methane emissions), rice paddies, and fertilizers contribute to climate change.
Industrial Activities – Factories release greenhouse gases, contributing to atmospheric warming.
Effects of climate change
Rising Temperatures – Global temperatures are increasing, leading to heatwaves.
Melting Ice Caps & Rising Sea Levels – Leads to coastal flooding and habitat loss.
Extreme Weather Events – More frequent hurricanes, droughts, and heavy rainfall.
Ecosystem Disruption – Animals struggle to adapt, leading to biodiversity loss.
Food & Water Scarcity – Droughts and floods affect agriculture and water availability.
Health Risks – Heat-related illnesses and the spread of diseases increase.
What is mitigation?
Reducing climate change causes
What is Adaptation?
Adjusting to the climate change effects
What are some Mitigation Strategies?
Renewable Energy – Solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy instead of fossil fuels.
Reforestation & Afforestation – Planting trees to absorb CO₂.
Energy Efficiency – Using energy-efficient appliances and reducing waste.
Reducing Waste & Recycling – Less landfill waste = lower methane emissions.
Carbon Capture Technology – Capturing and storing CO₂ emissions.
What are some adaptation strategies?
Flood Defenses – Building sea walls and improving drainage systems.
Drought-Resistant Crops – Using crops that need less water.
Water Conservation – Efficient irrigation and saving water.
Disaster Preparedness – Early warning systems for extreme weather.
Relocation Plans – Moving communities at risk from rising sea levels.
What are the stages of a hurricane?
Tropical Disturbance – A cluster of thunderstorms forms over warm water.
Tropical Depression – Wind speeds increase (up to 61 km/h), and rotation begins.
Tropical Storm – Wind speeds reach 62–118 km/h; the system gets a name.
Hurricane – Winds exceed 119 km/h, forming an eye (calm center) surrounded by strong winds.
Landfall & Weakening – Once a hurricane moves over land, it loses energy due to lack of warm water.
What are the key conditions needed for a Hurricane to form?
Warm ocean temperatures (above 26.5°C) – Provides heat energy for the storm.
Low-pressure system – Rising warm air creates low pressure, allowing more air to be drawn in.
Coriolis Effect – Causes the storm to rotate (counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere).
High humidity – Moisture in the air fuels cloud formation.
Weak wind shear – Winds at different altitudes must be similar in speed and direction for a storm to develop.
