BIOG251 Chapter 8: Prokaryote Genetics

Covers the basics of prokaryote DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

A, P, E

The three major ribosome sites in translation from RNA to protein

Codons

Sets of 3, determine the amino acid

What happens when the 16S sequence binds to the mRNA?

The first codon is automatically placed in the P site, and a peptide bond will form between the amino acids

mRNA in translation

Codes for the protein

tRNA in translation

contains the anticodon

rRNA in translation

Creates the protein, is located inside the ribosome

Anticodon

Complementary to the codon, tell us which amino acid to build

Prokaryote replication initiation

2 replication forks are used to start the process of DNA replication

Transcription

Makes RNA from genes

Genes contain…

Promoter site, RNA encoding site, and termination site

Core RNA polymerase

Copies DNA to RNA

Holoenzyme

Made of core RNA polymerase and a sigma factor, is used to start transcription

Sigma factor

Allows RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter, falls off when it passes the promoter and is no longer needed

5’ → 3’

The direction in which DNA is created