Biology (Genetics)

Allele

One of 2 or more forms of a gene

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism

Phenotype

Physical characteristics of an organism, or what an organism looks like

Dominant Trait

If the dominant allele is present in offspring then the dominant trait will show up in the offspring

Recessive Trait

Will only show in the offspring of the dominant allele is not present

Homozygous Dominant

The genotype is 2 dominant alleles (TT)

Homozygous Recessive

The genotype is 2 recessive alleles (tt)

Heterozygous Dominant

The genotype is 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele (Tt)

P generation

Parental Generation

F1 Generation

1st generation of offspring

F2 Generation

2nd generation of offspring

Monohybrid Cross

A diagram showing the allele combinations that might result from a genetic cross between 2 parents, shows only 2 alleles from each parent

Dihybrid Cross

2nd set of 2 different genes, shows 4 alleles from each parent

Example using your family to show the P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation

P generation - grandparents

F1 generation - parents

F2 generation - you and your siblings

What would the genotype be for a long haired, purebread dog if long hair is recessive?

hh, law of dominance and recessiveness

What is the base-pair rule for DNA?

Adenine will always pair with thymine, Guanine will always pair with cytosine

What does Adenine pair with in RNA?

Uracil

What does Adenine pair with in DNA?

Thymine

What are the possible DNA sequences?

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

What are chromosomes made of?

DNA

What are the subunits that make up DNA called?

Repeating subunits of nucleotides

What is the correct sequence for turning genetic information into proteins?

DNA→ RNA→Amino Acid→Protein

What type of bonds hold together the 2 sides of DNA?

A segment of DNA that controls a trait is called a…

Gene

What is genetics the study of?

How genes are passed down from one generation to the next

What are different versions of a gene called (one from the mom, one from the dad)?

Alleles

Phenotype

Physical characteristics

Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism