Biology (Genetics)
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Last updated 5:21 PM on 2/7/23
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28 Terms
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Allele
One of 2 or more forms of a gene
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Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
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Phenotype
Physical characteristics of an organism, or what an organism looks like
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Dominant Trait
If the dominant allele is present in offspring then the dominant trait will show up in the offspring
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Recessive Trait
Will only show in the offspring of the dominant allele is not present
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Homozygous Dominant
The genotype is 2 dominant alleles (TT)
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Homozygous Recessive
The genotype is 2 recessive alleles (tt)
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Heterozygous Dominant
The genotype is 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele (Tt)
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P generation
Parental Generation
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F1 Generation
1st generation of offspring
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F2 Generation
2nd generation of offspring
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Monohybrid Cross
A diagram showing the allele combinations that might result from a genetic cross between 2 parents, shows only 2 alleles from each parent
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Dihybrid Cross
2nd set of 2 different genes, shows 4 alleles from each parent
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Example using your family to show the P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation
P generation - grandparents
F1 generation - parents
F2 generation - you and your siblings
F1 generation - parents
F2 generation - you and your siblings
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What would the genotype be for a long haired, purebread dog if long hair is recessive?
hh, law of dominance and recessiveness
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What is the base-pair rule for DNA?
Adenine will always pair with thymine, Guanine will always pair with cytosine
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What does Adenine pair with in RNA?
Uracil
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What does Adenine pair with in DNA?
Thymine
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What are the possible DNA sequences?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
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What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
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What are the subunits that make up DNA called?
Repeating subunits of nucleotides
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What is the correct sequence for turning genetic information into proteins?
DNA→ RNA→Amino Acid→Protein
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What type of bonds hold together the 2 sides of DNA?
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A segment of DNA that controls a trait is called a…
Gene
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What is genetics the study of?
How genes are passed down from one generation to the next
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What are different versions of a gene called (one from the mom, one from the dad)?
Alleles
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Phenotype
Physical characteristics
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Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism
Note 
Flashcards (55)