Unit 3 Biology

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell with no membrane-bound organelles

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

What are the components of DNA?

Deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogenous bases

3 differences between DNA and RNA

RNA is single stranded, contains uracil instead of thymine, ribose instead of deoxyribose

3 similarites between DNA and RNA

How can the structure of DNA be described?

A double helix

What are the base-pairing rules for DNA?

Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine

Cell membrane

Double layer that supports + protects the cell

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes that destroy damaged organelles

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like fluid that surrounds + protects organelles

Nucleus

Control centre of the cell, contains DNA

Nuclear membrane

Surrounds the nucleus

Nucleolus

In the nucleus, makes ribosomes

Vacuoles

Stores food + water

Golgi body

Processes + packages materials for the cell

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, energy in ATP production

Rough E.R

Builds + transports substances through the cell, has ribosomes

Smooth E.R

Builds + transports substances through the cell, no ribosomes

Ribosome

Makes proteins

Cell wall

Gives shape and protection to plant cells

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll

Peroxisome

Oxidative organelles that break down fatty and amino acids

Secretory vesicle

Transports proteins from golgi to cell surface

Cytoskeleton

Helps cells maintain their shape + internal organisation

Centrosome

Assists in mitosis during spindle assembly

Centriole

A ring of nine groups of fused microtubules, 2 make up a centrosome in animal cells