final anatomy study guide 🎉

Masseter

O- Zygomatic arch

I- lateral edge of the mandible

F- elevates and protracts the mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

O- clavicle and mandibrum of sternum

I- temporal bone

F- flexes neck, bends head to one shoulder

Trapezius

O- Occipital bone, C1-C7, T1-T12 vertebrae

I- clavicle and various locations of the scapula

F- Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of shoulder

Biceps Brachii

O- Scapula

I- Radius

F- flexes and supinates forearm, flexes and abducts arm

Triceps Brachii

O- scapula and humerus

I- Ulna

F- extends forearm at elbow and abducts arm

Latissimus dorsi

O- thoracic and lumbar vertibrae

I- groove of humerus

F- adducts, medially rotates, and extends arm

Deltoid

O- Clavicle and scapula

I- humerus

F- abducts, flexes, extends, and rotates arm

Rectus Femoris

O- Iliac spine

I- tibia and patella

F- extends leg at knee

Tibialis anterior

O- tibia

I- metatarsal

F- dorsiflexes the foot and inverts the foot

Rectus abdominis

O- Crest of pubis bone

I- Xiphoid process of sternum and coastal cartilage of ribs 5-7

F- move the body between ribcage and pelvis

Sartorius

O- iliac spine

I- medial side of tibia

F- superficial thigh muscle: adducts leg at hip AND flexes leg at the knee

Erector spinae

O- pelvic, vertebral, and rib bones in lower to mid back

i- vertebral and rib bones higher up in the back and neck

F- extends, laterally flex, and maintain posture of the back

Quadriceps femoris

O- Ilium (upper part of pelvis) and femur

I- Tibia

F- flex the hip

Pectoralis major

O- Lateral hip

I- humerus

F- flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of arm at shoulder joint

Adductor magnus

O- inferior ischial ramus of pubis

I- linea aspera of femur

F- extends hip, adducts leg

Orbicularis oris

O- maxilla and mandible

I- skin, upper and lower lips

F- form and shape lips

Gastrocnemius

O- femur

I- achilles and calcaneus

F- plantar and knee flexion

Teeth

Mechanical processing of food

32 in adult mouth

Tongue

Mechanical processing of food

Works with saliva

Chemical digestion of food, specifically carbohydrates

Palate

Feeding, swallowing, breathing, and speech

Esophagus

Tube from pharynx to stomach

Moves the food

Stomach

Chemical and mechanical digestion

Bolus(food ball) mixes with stomach

Small intestine

6m long and split into 3 parts

• duodenum

• Jejunum

• Ileum

Mesentery

Membrane that provides access to blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels for GI tract

Cecum

Where large and small intestine meet

Compaction begins

Contains appendix

Large intestine

Water and vitamin absorption

Compaction of feces

Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon

Rectum

Muscular tube from sigmoid colon to anal canal

Liver

Largest internal organ in body

Secreted fluids into GI tract, produces bile, storage of sugar, fat, vitamins, and detoxification

Gallbladder

Small sac-like organ under liver that stores bile

Pancreas

Posterior to stomach

Exocrine gland: secrets digestive enzymes used in small intestine

Endocrine glands: produce insulin and glucagon

Villi

Finger-like projections that line the small intestine

Transfer digested nutrients from intestinal lumen to bloodstream

3 main functions of urinary system

Excretion, elimination, and maintaining of blood volume

Kidneys

Produce urine (water, ions, and small soluble compounds)

Ureters

Ducts that take urine from kidneys to bladder

Urinary bladder

Temporary storage of urine before expelled out

Urethra

Transports urine from bladder to outside of body

Functions of female reproductive system

produces oocytes

Fertilization of sperm

Childbirth

Overies

Make eggs

Fallopian tubes

Passageway for egg cell

Uterus

Nourish and house a fertilized egg

Vagina

Passageway for menstruation and childbirth

Clitoris

Small sensory erectile structure

Labia majora/minora

Folds of skin that protects the orifices

Functions of male reproductive system

Produce sperm for fertilization with oocyte

Seminiferous tubules

Where sperm is formed

Epididymis

Where sperm matures

Vas deferens

Duct that takes sperm from epididymis superiorly over the top of the bladder

Prostate gland

Produces fluid that nourishes semen

Ejaculatory duct

Project through the prostate gland and empties into urethra