crustaceans and lice

salmon lice

copepod ectoparasite of salmonids, sensitive to emamectin, could be a vector for fish viral and bacterial diseases

subclass Pentastomida

tongue worms (shape), nasopharynx of mammals and can infect humans

leeches

phylum annelida with earthworms, not considered true parasites because they arent species specific

intermediate hosts for what diseases?

copepods: D. latum and D. medinensis

crabs and crayfish: P. westermani and P. kellicoti

class insecta

largest class of largest phylum, placed in orders based on wings, evolutionary origin of wings is still not resolved, gills in crustacea?

lice taxonomy

c. insecta, o. phthiraptera

Pediculus humanus capitis

head lice; most likely evolved from a body louse when humans lost body hair and recently body lice evolved from head lice when we started wearing clothes, not a known vector YET

lifecycle of head lice

direct or indirectly from fomites; nits are visible, only viable off host for 24 hours; whole life cycle is 16 days so its important to repeat prescriptions every 14-16 days

pruritis

itching of the scalp

plica polonica

mat of hair severely infected with lice

prescription for lice

adults/nymphs: pyrethrins, suffocation by oil, hot air MOA dessication, ivermectin should work

nits: physical removal or suffocation by oil, NOT affected by pyrethrins

permethrin

most common pyrethrin, bind to sodium channels for paralysis, toxic to bees

pediculus humanus humanus

body lice; lives most of the time on clothing and body to feed, lifecycle depends on temperature AKA laundry, at least 130 degrees

epidemic typhus Rickettsia prowazeckii

anne frank, mortality high and morbidity, tetracycline Rx and there is a vaccine, Nazi’s with jewish prisoners would do testing where they would spike a fever, run away and spread the infection without realizing

trench fever Bartonella quintana

tetracycline, important in militia

relapsing fever - Borrelia recurrentis

a spirochete disease, also high morbidity and Rx tetracycline

Phthirus pubis

pubic lice, direct contact with infected hair, most of the time considered STD

what is the function of pubic hair?

retain pehromones

what is the function of retained body hair?

to feel dipteran vectors land and swat them off