Vocab for History Exam

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

absolutism (absolute monarchs)

Get a hint
Hint

the idea that monarchs should have unlimited power

Get a hint
Hint

divine right

Get a hint
Hint

the belief that a king or queen’s power comes from god

Card Sorting

1/96

Anonymous user
Anonymous user
encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

97 Terms

1
New cards

absolutism (absolute monarchs)

the idea that monarchs should have unlimited power

2
New cards

divine right

the belief that a king or queen’s power comes from god

3
New cards

Louis XIV

established versailles and a big army

best example of absolutism

selfish and caused many financial issues

4
New cards

Versailles

location of Louis XIV’s extravagant palace eleven miles outside of Paris

5
New cards

James I

king of Scotland inherited Elizabeth’s I’s throne as well as her conflicts with parliament, cement the Church of England as the official religion of England

6
New cards

Puritans

protestants in England inspired by Calvinist’s ideas

7
New cards

Charles I

ignored petition of right and wanted all power, believed in divine right

8
New cards

petition of right

placed limits on kings ability to leavy taxes, imprison citizens without cause, quarter troops, and institute martial law

9
New cards

english civil war

a series of battles fought in England between 1642 and 1651, where supporters of King Charles I (Royalists) clashed with supporters of the Parliament, primarily led by Oliver Cromwell, resulting in the execution of the king and the establishment of a Commonwealth with no monarch for a period of time; essentially a power struggle between the monarchy and Parliament over political and religious issues

10
New cards

Royalists

championed the divine right of the monarch to govern England and fought against the opposing Parliamentarians.

11
New cards

Cavaliers

associated with the Royalist supporters of King Charles I in his struggle with Parliament

12
New cards

Roundheads

The name given to the supporters of the Parliament of England

13
New cards

Oliver Cromwell

removed non believers of parliament and the “new model” destroyed king and parliament to set up a military dictatorship, the new model was destroyed after his death

14
New cards

commonwealth

a nation, state or political unit founded on law and united by agreement for and by the people

15
New cards

Charles II

sympathetic to Catholicism suspended laws parliament passed against catholics and puritans after reinstate of monarchy. Parliament fought back and made test act.

16
New cards

Restoration

this term refers to the time when Charles II took the throne

17
New cards

James II

devout catholic placed catholics with good/high superior jobs , religon problem with king and parliament; no rebellion

18
New cards

William and Mary of Orange

accepted intervention to invade England, they became rulers as parliament offered with a bill of rights and many powers/ acts limiting the monarchs.

19
New cards

Glorious Revolution

no blood shed as William chased out James the army as no one wanted James as leader and he fled to France, William said this was a glorious revolution

20
New cards

Constitutional monarchy

bill of rights led to making monarchs not as powerful and government have as many rights (what government is this called?)

21
New cards

natural rights

the rights with which people are born

22
New cards

geocentric theory

solar system in which the earth is at the center and all other celestial projects

23
New cards

scientific revolution

sparked new ways of thinking that would influence scientific study, inspire new ideas about religon, politics, government, and culture.

24
New cards

Nicolaus Copernicus

after studying planetary movements for many years, this astronomer reasoned that the stars and planets revolved around the sun, but he didn’t publish his findings until 1543, this year of his death

25
New cards

heliocentric theory

solar system in which the sun is at the center and all other celestial objects

26
New cards

Johannes Kepler

this brilliant mathematician used the data and mathematics to prove the accuracy of Copernicus’s basic ideas about the motions of planets.

27
New cards

Galileo

telescope, mountains’s on earths moon, four moons revolving around jupiter and sun sports, planets where now seen as planets of earth not lights, starry messenger.

28
New cards

scientific method

system procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in modern world

29
New cards

Isaac newton

mathematician and physicist brought together some of the theories and discoveries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo under a single theory of motion known as the law of universal gravitation.

30
New cards

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

used a microscope to study bacteria and red blood cells

31
New cards

Andreas Vesalius

human anatomy, organs and structures of bodies, circulating the blood, blood veins and circuit

32
New cards

Robert Boyle

used scientific method in chemistry is best known for the discovery of a law that helps to explain characteristics of gases

33
New cards

Enlightment

philosophical movement of intellectuals impressed with achievements of science revolution (change in rights)

34
New cards

social contract

an entire society agrees to by government by its general will, individuals give up certain natural rights to government for return of security fair regulations and community goals

35
New cards

philosophes

a person who seeks wisdom, term applied to intellectuals during enlightenment

36
New cards

voiltare

freedom of speech, challenged church, strong belief in religious toleration, and promoted deism, (philosophy based on reason and natural laws)

37
New cards

Baron de Montesquieu

tried to find natural laws that govern social and political relationships executive legislative and judicial

38
New cards

separation of powers

form of government that the legislative, judicial, and executive limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances

39
New cards

Jean Jaques Rosseau

adopted laws and government to pressure private property believed humans are naturally good and that society is what corrupts them, advocating for a "social contract

40
New cards

Denis Diderot

changed the general way of thinking, encyclopedia articles supported religious toleration, social change and political reforms.

41
New cards

Adam Smith

explained pricing of goods and services should be solely guided by the interactions between people and businesses (with little government involvement) 3 roles, protect against invasion, defend individuals and property, and provide public works.

42
New cards

Laissez-faire

state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone.

43
New cards

esates

3 divisions of France under old regime

44
New cards

First estate

130,000 population (church)

45
New cards

second estate

350,000 population (gov, military, law)

46
New cards

third estate

peasants and common folk + half the peasants earned no land work for the king, struggles to survive with price of things vs the wage.

47
New cards

taille

annual tax, usually on land or property, that produced a regular source of income for the french monarchy.

48
New cards

bourgeoise

the highest power of the third estate (bankers and educated people)

49
New cards

Louis XVI

the king at the time of the estates, very bad at financial responsibility.

50
New cards

Marie Antoinette

queen, known for extravagance (caused finical crisis however, not entirely the root of all the finical problems.

51
New cards

estates-general

french parliament (hadn’t been called since 1614)

52
New cards

national assembly

on June 17th, 1789 third estate declared this assembly, and would profit on constitution.

53
New cards

tennis courth-oath

swore to keep meeting until they had a new constitution (what oath?).

54
New cards

bastille

old fortress used us prison and armory

55
New cards

Great fear

peasant rebellions became of vast panic

56
New cards

declaration of the rights of man

inspired by the english bill of rights 1689, American declaration of independence and the constitution, began with (fraternity, equality, liberty)

57
New cards

Legislative Assembly

government that replaced the national assembly, more affluent members of society would be elected implanted reforms of equality

58
New cards

Constitution of 1791

removed many powers of the king and set up limited power of monarchy

59
New cards

National Convention

met to draft a new constitution, all adult males could vote. ruiling body of France, distrusted king, abolish monarchy and instated a republic. put an to end to most radical stage of the french revolution

60
New cards

Jacobin Club (jacobins)

political group (radical) dominated CoPs

61
New cards

guillotine

execution by slicing head off, Marie Antoinette and 16,000 others died by it

62
New cards

Maximillion Ropespeire

called new order “republic of Virtue” a democratic republic consisting good people, couldn’t make people de Christian, many catholic, ridding France of all corrupt elements, arrested and guillotined by 1774

63
New cards

Committee of Public Safety (CoPs)

national convention gave broad powers to this committee dominated by Maxamillion, took control of government to defend France in domestic threats. Tried to settle inflation and failed.

64
New cards

reign of terror

40,000 people killed, killed all classes 15% of killed were privileged class (by guillotine+Rospierre)

65
New cards

Directory

under new constitution executive committee of 5, chosen by council of elders known for corruption and relied on military for power, Napoleon overthrew the government

66
New cards

Napoleon Bonparte

won battles with speed, suprise and descion action, defeated armies of Papal States and Australlian allies, gave France control of Northern Italy

67
New cards

coup d’etat

quick seizure of power, an overthrow of government

68
New cards

Napoleon Code

seven laws codes were created it presented many of the principles the revolutions had fought for, equality of all male citizens before law and etc.

69
New cards

meritorious

deserving reward or praise

70
New cards

liberalism

political philosophy based largely on enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and that the basic rights of all people should be protected.

71
New cards

nationalism

loyalty to one nation above other and placing on emphasis on promoting its cultural, values, and interests

72
New cards

contiental system

blockade to stop British goods from reaching the European continent to be sold there. Weakened Britain economy.

73
New cards

scorched earth policy

war tactic to burn everything (moscow)

74
New cards

exile

banned from somewhere (prisoned in Elba)

75
New cards

Elba

island of northwest coast of Italy

76
New cards

Louis XVIII

France's king after the fall of Napoleon (experimental monarchy again) (standby king)

77
New cards

Battle of Waterloo

battle in which was defeated by the combination of British and Prussian army and Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena

78
New cards

Hundred Days

the time Napoleon had made his return to France

79
New cards

St.Helena

A small island in the South Atlantic

80
New cards

Nationalism

loyalty to a nation like americas flag/pride

81
New cards

Louis Phillipe

Cousin of Charles took the throne, political support for new monarch came from the upper middle class

82
New cards

radical

relating to a political group associated with views, practices, and policies of extreme change

83
New cards

universe male sufrage

the right of all males to vote in any election

84
New cards

Louis - Napollean

nephew of Napoleon, one resounding victory in residential elections, elected by universale male suffrage

85
New cards

King Victor Emanuel II

Kingdom of Sardinia, appointed prime minister Camillo Cavour, declared war of Austria 1859, new state of Italy proclaimed war under him.

86
New cards

Camillo de Cavour

Prime minister, pursued economic growth to equip large army, made alliance with Louis Napolean

87
New cards

Gisuppe Garbaldi

dedicated patriot raised an army of 1000 volunteers won control over rest of Italy

88
New cards

Wilhelm I

tried to enslave Prussian army, appointed count otto as prime minister

89
New cards

Otto van Bismark

prime minister, practitioner of real politick governed Prussia without agreement of parliament.

90
New cards

realpolitik

politics of reality, practical rather than ethics.

91
New cards

Franco-Prussian war

German joined Prussia and France thought fighting Prussia would be smart (France lost)

92
New cards

Kaiser

german word for “caeser” title of emperors of the second german empire.

93
New cards

Creoles

people of European descent born in latin America

94
New cards

penisculares

to describe latin Americans born in Spain.

95
New cards

mestizoes

describe people of European and indigenous ancestry.

96
New cards

Jose de San Martin

won independence for Argentina and Chile, then gave up command of his army.

97
New cards

Simon Bolivar

Venezuelan soldier big role in the South American independence movement. Bolívar served as president of Gran Colombia and as dictator of Peru. The country of Bolivia is named for him.