unit 1 states of matter

matter

everything with mass/volume

mass

amount of space smth takes up

volume

amount of space smth takes up

pure substance

made with one kind of particle

compound

made of 2+ elements bonded together, can be broken down with chemical processes

element

1 kind of atom, can’t be broken down

mixture

made of 2+ particles

homogenous

looks same throughout (solution)

heterogenous

looks different throughout

solid

atoms packed close together in regular pattern, not compressible, fixed shape, fixed volume

liquids

barely compressible, no fixed shape, fixed volume, atoms packed randomly, takes shape of container, moves freely

gases

very compressible, no fixed shape, atoms very far apart, move randomly, takes shape of container

SI units

international system of units, decimal based

length unit

meter

mass unit

kilogram

volume unit

liter

digital measurement is always

accurate on measurement

analog measurement requires

manual estimate

estimates can only be

one numbers place past last mark on device

physical property

can be determined without risking fundamental change. color, solubility, hardness, density, melting/boiling points, viscosity, conductivity

intensive property

do NOT depend on amount present (density, color, melting/boiling points)

extensive

DO depend on amount (volume, mass, length)

chemical property

can only be determined by risking fundamental change (flammability, reactivity, toxicity)

chemical change

spontaneous change

liquid to gas

evaporation

solid to gas

sublimation

gas to liquid

condensation

gas to solid

deposition

solid to gas

sublimation

lowest energy

solid

highest energy

gas