Haitian Revolution Quizlet based on Choices Question Pt 1&2

Who lived on Hispaniola before the arrival of Europeans?

The Tainos

What were the two territories the Island of Hispaniola was split into?

Santo Domingo, and Saint-Domigue

How was Santo Domingo exploited by the Spanish?

They enslaved the native populations to mine gold in the southern part of the Island

How was Saint-Domingue exploited by the French, and why was it so important to the French?

It was the wealthiest Carribean colony (mid 1600-mid 1700s). It became the largest sugar exporter, relying heavily on slavery to sustain it's growth

What were the main cash crops of Saint-Domingue

Sugar, tobacco, and coffee

In 1791 how many enslaved people and white people lived in St. Domingue?

Roughly 500 thousand slaves, and 32000 French settlers

What were elite-slaves in the Carribean?

They were the slaves that presided over the plantations as supervisors and deferred to the plantation owners

Who were the affranchise?

They were former slaves who were mixed-race, often born as a result of affairs between plantation owners and their slaves

How were the affranchise regarded in French society?

They were often depicted as lesser, and as they moved up the social ladder, laws were implemented to prevent them from achieving greater financial prosperity

What were the 4 provisions of the Code Noir?

1. It deemed slaves as the personal property of their owners, but also prohibited the torturing and senseless beating of slaves as illegal
2. Slaves couldn't assemble for any reason or marry
3. Fugitives would be severely injured or killed
4. Freed black people that were exposed to help enslaved people would be shot and killed

What was Vodou?

It was the religion created by the slaves of the French and Spanish colonies, which combined African religious practices and beliefs with Christianity. It was used a means of resisting the colonists attempts of cultural assimilation.

What were some of the ways that eslaved people of Hispaniola resisted slavery?

Vodou, slaves killing themselves and their children, self-harm; to inhibit themselves from working, rebellions, and the embracing of their cultural roots.

Who were the maroons?

Former slaves who had fled plantations to live in the mountains. They eventually played a significant role in the revolution.

Who was Francois Makandal, and how did help lead the rebellion?

He was a vodou priest that spread conspiracies about the mistreatment of slaves, forming a network of resistances across plantations, fueling the idea of the rebellion's success across St. Dominigue.

What role did revolutionary leaders play in the Haitian revolution?

They wanted Independence for Haiti and leadership positions once independence was achieved.

How did the enslaved and recently freed populations of Haiti achieve freedom?

They led violent rebellions against colonizers which forced them out of the nation

What did the affranchise want, and how did they achieve their goals?

They wanted to be respected to the same degree as white people in the colony, they did this by staying separate from the revolution and assimilating into the new society when the dust settled

What did the white colonists want during the Haitian revolution?

They wanted the revolution to end, and whites of a lower social class wanted similar lifestyles to the aristocrats.

What did the whites do when the revolution was successful?

Many of them left because the alternative was being killed by revolutionaries

How did France destroy Haiti?

They wanted to have larger seasonal yields, so they over farmed the land, making it barren, and after the revolution they forced the nation to take off debt which they are still paying off till this day

What was Spain's goal during the Haitian revolution?

Their goal was to separate themselves from Haiti as much as possible during the revolution. They did this mainly by establishing a formal border between the two colonies.

What did Britian do during the Haitian revolution?

Nothing, they stays out of it

What did America do during the Haitian revolution?

They tried to prevent revolutionary ideas from spreading to their country, and private banks in the US, loaned money to Haiti, to pay off some of their debt to France.