Exam 1 - Vital Signs pt. 2

what is the typical rate of respiration

12-20 breaths pm

what are the categories to describe depth of respiration

shallow

moderate

deep

what are the categories to describe rhythm of respiration

regular

irregular

what is Eupnea

true or normal breathing

what is orthopnea

poor breathing when laying down commonly due to heart failure

what is dyspnea

difficulty breathing

slow, shallow irregular respirations due to axonic brain injury

agonal

t/f

hyperventilation and hypoventilation involve both rate change and depth change

true

what is apnea

absence of breathing

what is hyperpnea

increased volume with/without increased rate

what is hypopnea

decreased volume with/without decreased rate

what respiratory abnormality does this describe?

attacks of severe SOB that wake the patient, commonly seen in heart failure

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

what respiratory abnormality does this describe?

deep, sighing respiration, observed in diabetic ketoacidosis

kussmaul

what respiratory abnormality does this describe?

regular deep respirations with periods of apnea

biot

what happens in phase I Korotkoff Sounds

first appearance of faint, repetitive, clear tapping sounds

at least 2 consecutive beats in SYSTOLIC BP

what happens in Phase II Korotkoff Sounds

sounds soften and acquire a swishing quality

during what phase may an auscultatory gap take place

phase II - some patients may have the sound disappear all together

what happens in Phase III Korotkoff Sounds

return of sharper sounds, crisper

what happens in Phase IV Korotkoff Sounds

distinct, muffling sounds, soft and blowing in quality

first diastolic sound

in what patients is Phase IV a good indicator of the end of a BP check

atherosclerosis, pregnant, kids <12

what happens in Phase V Korotkoff Sounds

all sounds finally disappear

DIASTOLIC BP

which phases give you your systolic and diastolic numbers

phase I - systolic

phase V - diastolic

phase IV- diastolic in atherosclerosis, pregnant, kids <12

t/f

hypertension is clinically silent in the early phases

true

what is a normal blood pressure

<120 and <80

what is an elevated BP

120-129 and <80

what is a high blood pressure/hypertension stage 1

130-139 or 80-89

what is a high blood pressure/hypertension stage 2

140 or higher OR 90 or higher

what is a hypertensive crisis BP

higher than 180 AND/OR higher than 120

what BP is indicative of hypotension

< 90/60

when does hypotension become concerning

when perfusion to key organs declines

what is the BP for orthostatic hypotension?

drop in systolic BP of 20 or more

OR

drop is diastolic BP of 10 or more

what is orthostatic hypotension

low BP when patient moves from lying to standing

t/f

there should be symmetry of rate, rhythm, amplitude, and contour is expected and any differences is indicative of a condition

true

80% of aortic coarctations occur at what point in the aorta? what would this mean for upper and lower extremity blood pressures

after the branches are given off

upper BP would be higher than Lower BP

what is the average age of discovery of aortic coarctations

10-14 years

what is the expected pulse pressure

40 mmHg

a pulse pressure less than ___% of systole is narrowed or low and a pulse pressure greater than ____mmHg is widened or high

25, 100

pulse pressure is a significant risk factor in the development of what

heart disease

a 10mmHg increase in pulse pressure increases the risk of cardiovascular risk by as much as ___%

20