SUPA earth System science midterm 2 quiz questions

the amount of water that is required for the growth, production, and processing of foods would be considered

embedded water

the ogalla aquifer, a glacier, and the pacific ocean would all be considered

reservoirs

water molecules cycle through many reservoirs in a closed system that is referred to as the

hydrosphere

an underground area where water can accumulate, often creating in a source of drinking water, is referred to as a(n)

aquifer

is it possible for glaciers to be found in locations during the summer months, when annual temperatures are at their highest

yes: glaciers remain throughout the year

the brook trout prefers habitats of cold small streams with moderate water flow this habitat would be considered a

lotic ecosystem

what percent of all water is part of the cryosphere

2%

a lab is testing the salt tolerance of three plant species. The researchers attempt to grow the plants using soil with increasing amounts of salt. They find that two of the species show increased growth when salt is added to the soil. Based on this data where might these two species of plants be found?

estuaries

most freshwater is used for

agriculture

a damaged septic field is leaking waste into a nearby stream. This would be a

point source

An ecosystem experiences three consecutive year of higher than normal temperatures and lower than normal precipitation. What would result from this condition

drought conditions

within the hydrosphere water is purified during

infiltration and evaporation

you are reviewing photos from a research trip to antarctica and your collection includes photo of glaciers, permafrost, open ocean, and forests. If your goal is to find phots of the cryosphere which would you chose

photos of glaciers and permafrost

how is permafrost different from a glacier

permafrost is water frozen in soil whereas glaciers are above ground

surface ocean currents are impacted most by

air moving above the water

patterns of global airflow and water currents are influenced by the different speeds of rotation of the earth. This is referred to as the

Coriolis effect

the flow of water in deep currents can be influenced by variations in which of the following

density, salinity, and temperature

upwelling can cause colder water from deeper in the oceans to be brought to the surface, Despite the fact that the water is colder this often leads to an increase in biological productivity. This is associated with

nutrients moving up along with the colder water

The El Nino-Southern Oscillation which occurs every 2 to 10 years alters weather patterns in many parts of the world. What is NOT true about this phenomenon a) It occurs in the southern pacific, between Australia and South America b) During an El Nino event the high and low regions switch locations c) during a La nina event the thermocline and upwelling disappears from Peru d) A normal phase produces wet conditions and warm ocean temperatures in Australia

c) during a La nina event the thermocline and upwelling disappears from Peru -actually during a La Nina event there is a upwelling in Peru

which way does the wind deflect in the northern hemisphere

right

the process where water changes directly from a solid to a gas is

sublimation

which human impact on water leads to more runoff and less infiltration

increased impervious surfaces

grazing zebras of the species Equus quagga reduce the grass available for each other on the savanna. What is this type of interaction called

intraspecific competition

what determines the size of a population of animals

birth rate, death rate, and emigration/immigration

on isle royale in lake superior moose are prey for wolves ad hosts for a parasite known as the moose tick that causes them to lose fur. In this community how does predation differ from the parasitic relationship

predators kill their prey, whereas parasites do not immediately kill their hosts

what is an example of mutualism in a community

oxpecker birds live in close proximity to rhinos to eat insects around rhino eyes

five different warbler species can coexist on the same spruce tree because each species

occupies its own ecological niche

which reproductive strategy is correctly paired with its example or description a) r-strategist: elephants b) r-strategist: oak tree c) k-strategist: many offspring d) k-strategist: rabbits

b) r-strategist: oak tree

select the term that defines the maximum number of individuals of a species that a habitat can sustainably support

carrying capacity

which of the following would NOT be considered environmental resistance? a) food b)s-curve pattern c) availability of mates d) size of territory

b)s-curve pattern

in complete darkness bats capture and consume moths using a form of sonar called echolocation. Moth populations adapted by gaining the ability to detect echolocation calls and avoid capture by moving in unpredictable patterns. This in turn drove bat population to change the frequency of their calls. What do these interactions demonstrate

coevolution

the formation of the isthmus of panama prevented gene flow between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean populations of snapping shrimp. This reproductive isolation allowed the populations to diverge enough genetically that they were no longer capable of interbreeding. What kind of reproductive isolation does it show?

allopatric

The population size of American bison decreased from tens of millions in the 1800s to just a few thousand currently. The bison population today is especially susceptible to

extinction

in a community sea otters prey on sea urchins which in turn consume kelp. Kelp forests make up the habitat for many types of fish such as rockfish and a wide range of other species. When sea otters were trapped for their fur the sea urchins ate all of the kelp. Identify the keystone species in this community

sea otter

the earth is currently heading towards the next mass extinction. What is different about this one compared to the previous 5?

it is happening at a faster rate, one species is causing the extinction, organisms will have a harder time evolving

which of the following is the leading cause of extinction

habitat destruction or fragmentation

many people desire to have a home with a view of a river or lake. While there is no monetary value in this view of water it still has

intrinsic value

pacific salmon are anadroumous. which of the following would likely cause them to be threatened? a) the river where the hatchlings are born has recently been dammed b) the estuary at the mouth of this river has been recently protected and cleaned up c) there was an oil spill in the ocean off the coast of this river d) they use a large river basin

a) the river where the hatchlings are born has recently been dammed

consider the following: we use wood to build our homes, we use compounds derived from plants for pharmaceutical drugs and we use to fish for sustenance which of these are considered provisioning services? a) wood to build our homes b) pharmaceutical drugs made from plants c) fish caught for food d) all of these are correct

d) all of these are correct

A study published in the scientific journal PLOS-One in 2008 found that if insects were not available, the cost to pollenate all fruit crops in just one region of South Africa would be over $350 million. This shows the \------ for this ecosystem service

replacement cost

a mining company plans to build a highway through a forest in northern Canada that is important for caribou migration. What could ensure the safe migration of caribou without having to cancel plans for this highway

a wildlife corridor

cheetahs are found in many protected preserves in Africa including the masai mara national reserve in Kenya. Many of the preserves are isolated and surrounded by areas without protection for cheetahs. When cheetahs travel outside the preserves to hunt and find mates they are often hit by cars or exposed to diseases from pests. This is an example of

the ecological island effect

What is NOT true about Yellowstone National Park a) it was the first national park in the US b) its original purpose was for recreational purposes c) until about 1960 large predators were killed legally d) all of these are true

d) all of these are true

the U.N.E.P. has recognized about 160,000 sites called \_____ that have outstanding value for humanity.

World heritage sites

Mrs.Roffe’s trip to Peru and the Maijuna community was shown as an example of

extractive reserves

what is not true about the U.S. Endangered species act of 1973 a) USFWS must create a list of threatened and endangered organisms b) organisms on this list may not be caught, killed, uprooted, harmed, sold, or traded c) The Federal Government can bypass the rules whenever they would like to d) USFWS must create a recovery plan which includes habitat conservation

c) The Federal Government can bypass the rules whenever they would like to