Quiz #2 Chapter 3-4

CDMS 510 Study Guide

Action potential

A rapid change in a neuron’s electrical charge that travels along the axon to transmit a nerve signal.

Ion Channel:Voltage gated channel

Opens or closes in response to changes in membrane voltage.

Afferent:

Carries sensory information toward the brain and spinal cord(Arrives)

Efferent:

Carries motor commands away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands(Exits)

CNS Components (Central Nervous System):

• Brain

• Spinal cord

PNS Components (Peripheral Nervous System)

CN,SN,G, SNS,ANS+SD,PD

• Cranial nerves

• Spinal nerves

• Ganglia

• Somatic nervous system

• Autonomic nervous system

  • Sympathetic division

  • Parasympathetic division

  • 
    

CSGSA-SP

Spinal Cord: Role

• Carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

• Controls reflexes, such as quickly pulling your hand away from something hot.

Spinal Cord: Region

1. Cervical – neck

2. Thoracic – upper and middle back

3. Lumbar – lower back

4. Sacral – pelvis

5. Coccygeal – tailbone area

CTLSC

Anatomical Term:Anterior

Toward the front of the body.

Gray Matter vs White Matter

Contains mostly neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses. It is mainly involved in processing and interpreting information.(Everthing sits outside)

VS

White matter: Contains mostly myelinated axons, which help carry nerve signals between different areas of the nervous system.(Axons are wrapped in a myelin sheath sitting inside)

Somatic motor system:voluntary movement

Controls voluntary movements by sending signals to skeletal muscles.

• Example: Moving your arm or walking

CAN CONTROL

• Visceral motor system :involuntary movement

• Controls involuntary functions by sending signals to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

  • Example: Heart rate, digestion, and sweating(

CAN NOT CONTROL

Anatomical Term: Caudal

Back or tail of the brain/body.

Anatomical Term:Rostral

Front or head of the brain.(Towards nose)

Anatomical Term:Dorsal

Back or upper side of the body.

Anatomical Term:Lateral

Toward the side, away from the midline of the body.

Anatomical Term: Posterior

Back of the body

Ion Channel:Ligand gated channels

Opens when a specific chemical messenger (ligand) binds to them.

Ion Channel:Mechanically gated channels

Opens in response to physical pressure or stretching.

Ion Channel:Leak channels

Allows ions to move across the membrane continuously or at a relatively constant rate.

Ion Channels

Have direct communication flow with gradient

Ion pump

A protein in the cell membrane taking energy from ATP transports ions across the membrane against their natural gradient.