ART APPRECIATION EXAM 4

Humanism

study of science, classical history, political theory, ethics, and law; belief in the individual: Man is in control of his own fate.; Art separates itself from the church; art could exist for the sole purpose of existing.

Renaissance

Period during which recognition of individual efforts began; **artists began to sing their work.**

Italian Renaissance

developed from Mediterranean influences: Greek, Roman ideals; Human Centered (human flows, problems); centered in 15th century Italy

Early Renaissance

rebellion vs Byzantine art; Patrons of Art( **Medici** family); anatomy;perspective; advances in math + science

Medici Family

Patrons of Early/Italian Renaissance Art

Early Renaissance artists

Sandro Boticelli, Domenico Ghirlanaio, Pedro della Francesca, and Donatello

Birth of Venus

Boticelli’s art important bc it is glorifying a nude figure that isn’t a Christian God (Venus is a Roman God)

mask of iyoba

(**queen mothe**r) **idia**, Court of Benin Nigeria ca. 1550; ivory iron, and copper height 9-3/8”; Metropolitan Museum of Art New York; Michael C. Rockefeller Collection

moche lord with a feline

from Moche Valley, Peru; Moche culture ca. 100BCE-500CE. Painted ceramic, height 7-1/2”

Coatlicue, Aztec

15th century; Basalt; height 8.3 ft; National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City

nanban school of kano

six-panel screen, 1593-1600; kobe city museum of **Namban**

Artists of Early Renaissance

Sandro Boticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Pedro Della Francesca, and Donatello

WOMAN CARRYING FRUIT

from “birth of St John the Baptist”; by Domenico Ghirlandaio

Mary Magdalene

Donatello’s commission for the church

High Renaissance

calm (idyllic, pleasant, and peaceful); balanced; artists began incorporating Christian Theology but still focusing of being human centered; use of greek philosophy; use of science (da vinci inventions and biological illustrations)

Artists of High Renaissance

Michelangelo Buonarroti, Raphael Sanzio, Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea Montegna, and masters like Giortione, Titian, and Giovanni Bellini

Mona Lisa

by Leonardo da Vinci c. 1507; important bc she marks the beginning of modern painting techniques

paint thinner, chemical binders, and linseed oil

3 chemicals of modern painting changing art

paint thinner

allowed to produce transparancies of illusion of distance

chemical binders

bridging agent to help mix paints chemically

linseed oil

extends time of paint use

Michelangelo Buonarroti

painted Sistine Chapel ceiling and lunettes

Raphael

artist of the school of athens; shows importance of linear perspective

The Dead Christ

art that uses foreshortening; by Andrea Mategna

Leonardo da Vinci

studied anatomy; studied the principal organs and vascular system/ genital systems of women

Mannerism

replaced by High Renaissance (near the end of high renaissance); art characterized by complex composition w/ muscular elongated figures in complex poses; very theatrical

Northern Renaissance

super detailed art in North; developed chemistry of oil paints; sculptures mainly made out of wood; artists focus on painting; Gothic influence

Giorgione

who painted *the tempest* in 1509

Filippo Brunelleschi

artist credited in developing concept of linear perspective

humanism

belief in the unique value of each person conceived by Petrarch in the 1330s

Artists of Northern Renaissance

Jan van Eyck, Robert Campin, and Rogier van der Weyden; albercht durer, hieronymus bosck, pieter bruegel, and hans holbein

Italian vs Northern Renaissance

**Italian**: Marble sculpture, egg tempera paintings +frescoes, and worked in mulitplemmedias; **Northern:** developed chemistry of oil paints and wood sculptures

Creation of Adam

painting circa 1510; by Michelangelo Buonarroti

Vision of Ezekiel

circa 1518; painting by **Raphael**

Mannerism Artists

Raphael and Michelangelo Buonarroti; in europe mid to late 16th century; replaced by high renaissance, but DURING high renaissance

Girl with Pearl Earring

art by Johannes Vermeer

The Ecstasy of St Teresa

Sculpture by Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Las Meninas

art by spanish artist, **Diego Velasquez**

Judith Slaying Holofernes

art by Artemisia Gentileschi (woman artist)

Self Portrait as the Allegory of Painting

art by Artemisia Gentileschi in year of 1638 (important woman artist)

Hunters in the Snow

Art by Pieter Bruegel

Young Hare

art of bunny by Albrecht Durer

Arnolfini Portrait

art by Jan van Eyck

The Body of Dead Christ in the Tomb

art by Hans Holbein the Younger