exam 3 - chapter 21

how are water and electrolyte balance related

are interdependant in the body, a change in one causes change in other

what ions are of high concentration in intracellular fluid

potassium, phosphate, magnesium ions

what percent of body weight is made up of water

• woman- 52%

• men- 63%

what is the largest compartment of extracellular fluid

interstitial fluid

how much fluids should be ingested in a day

60%

whats metabolic water

water produced as a by-product of aerobic metabolism

what stimulates and inhibits the thirst center

drinking and the resulting distension of the stomach by water stimulates impulse that inhibit this

how much of a % decrease in body water will stimulate thirst

1%

in a moderate climate the greatest loss of water is through

urine

how does drinking alcohol affect urine output

promote urine formation by inhibiting ADH release

what hormone works in the kidneys to conserve some ions and excrete others?

aldosterone

how do buffer systems work to resist pH changes

by neutralizing added acids or bases

what are the 1st line of defense against pH changes and why

• acid base (chemical) buffers

• function rapidly and almost immediately

what changes in pH are considered acidosis

pH below 7.35

what changes in pH are considered alkalosis

pH above 7.45

what can occur because of prolonged vomiting

metabolic alkalosis

what can occur because of prolonged hyperventalion

respiratory alkalosis

what pH condition can occur bc of diabetes mellitus

metabolic acidosis

edema

abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid in the interstitial spaces

what’s produced when only anaerobic metabolism of glucose occurs

lactate fermentation