2 - RENAL SYSTEM II

25-30 CENTIMETERS

length of ureter

DETRUSOR MUSCLE

urinary bladder is composed of \_______

SMOOTH MUSCLE

ureter is composed of \_______

PERISTALSIS

ureter muscle when it contracts

URINARY BLADDER

storage of urine

500 mL

normal amount of urinary bladder

700-800 mL

maximum capacity of urinary bladder

DRIBBLE

if max capacity of urinary bladder is reachedr

SACRAL PLEXUS (S2, S3, S4)

innervations of urinary bladder

MICTURITION REFLEX

urge to urinate

200-300 mL

micturition reflex is activated

URETHRA

terminal portion of the renal system

20 CENTIMETERS

length of urethra in men

3-4 CENTIMETERS

length of urethra in women

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

women are more prone to

EXTERNAL, INTERNAL

sphincters of urethra

EXTERNAL

voluntary sphincter

INTERNAL

involuntary sphincter

OVERFLOW, STRESS, URGE

types of incontinence

ATONIC BLADDER

overflow incontinence

ATONIC BLADDER

inability of the bladder to empty completely

DRIBBLE

manifestation of overflow incontinence

CREDE MANEUVER

management for overflow incontinence

CREDE MANEUVER

manual, downward pressure to the supracubic region

SUPRACUBIC REGION

where is pressure applied in the Crede maneuver

STRESS

incontinence wherein urinary bladder is normal

STRESS

weakness of the supporting structures

PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE

weakness of these may cause stress incontinence

LAUGHING, COUGHING, SNEEZING, EXERCISING, LIFTING

activities that may cause stress incontinence

INCREASED ABDOMINAL PRESSURE

laughing, coughing, sneezing, etc causes

KEGEL EXERCISE

management for stress incontinence

URGE

overactive bladder

NEUROGENIC BLADDER

overactive bladder or

URGE

involuntary contraction of the urinary bladder

DRUG, ALCOHOL, BLADDER INFECTION, BLADDER TUMOR

urge incontinence is secondary to

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2nd grade controlling center

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1st grade controlling center

AROUSAL, CELL ACTIVITY ACTIVATION

functions of hormone

HYPOPHYSIS

pituitary gland or

SELLA TURCICA

pituitary gland location

SELLA TURCICA

at the base of the brain

ANTERIOR, POSTERIOR

lobes of the pituitary gland

ADENOHYPOPHYSIS

anterior pituitary gland or

PHARYNGEAL EPITHELIUM

origin of anterior pituitary

HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASING AND INHIBITORY HORMONE

APG is controlled by

PROLACTIN, GROWTH, THYROID-STIMULATING, MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING, ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC, FOLLICLE-STIMULATING, LUTEINIZING

APG hormones

PROLACTIN

stimulates milk production

AMENORRHEA

absence of menstruation

AMENORRHEA, ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

increased prolactin causes

LACTOTROPIN

prolactin or

LONG BONE, SOFT TISSUE

growth hormone is for the growth of \________

ACROMEGALY

increased GH at adult life

BONE, NOSE, EAR, JAW, VERTEBRA

thickening of the \_______ in acromegaly

KYPHOSIS

thickening of vertebra in acromegaly causes

HAND, FEET

enlargement of \________ in acromegaly

GIGANTISM

increase of GH at childhood

DWARFISM

decreased of GH at childhood

SOMATOTROPIN

growth hormone or

THYROID-STIMULATING

stimulates the thyroid hormone

THYROTROPIN

thyroid stimulating hormone

MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING

stimulates skin pigmentation

MELANOTROPIN

melanocyte-stimulating hormone or

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC

stimulates the cortisol

FOLLICLE-STIMULATING

stimulates estrogen and progesterone

ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE

sex hormones in females

ESTROGEN

causes feminine effect

ESTROGEN

fat deposition

PROGESTERONE

development of the breast

FOLLICLE-STIMULATING

stimulates sperm

GONADOTROPIN

follicle-stimulating hormone or

LUTEINIZING

triggers the ovulation

LUTEINIZING

stimulates testosterone

TESTOSTERONE

sex hormone of males

TESTOSTERONE

causes masculine effect

LUTROPIN

luteinizing hormone or

TESTOSTERONE

protein deposition

SHOULDER, CHEST

protein deposition is commonly deposited in the

NEUROHYPOPHYSIS

posterior pituitary gland or

NEURAL TISSUE

origin of PPG

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

storage of hormones

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

does not produce hormones

OXYTOCIN

for milk ejection

OXYTOCIN, ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE

PPG stores \________

SUCKING REFLEX

causes milk to eject

OXYTOCIN

contracts uterine wall

VASOPRESSIN

ADH or

ANTI-DIURETIC

for reabsorption of water from kidneys

INFERIOR TO LARYNX

location of thyroid gland

THYROID, CALCITONIN

hormone in thyroid gland

TETRAIODOTHYRONINE, TRIIODOTHYRONINE

types of thyroid hormone

THYROXINE

T4 or

THYROID

for maturation and development of CNS

CRETINISM

decreased TH at birth

MENTAL RETARDATION

cretinism manifestation

MYXEDEKA

decreased TH at adult

LETHARGY, EDEMA, COLD INTOLERANCE

manifestations of myxedema

EDEMA

hallmark of myxedema

CALCITONIN

decreases calcium in the blood

THYROID GLAND LATERAL LOBE POSTERIOR SURFACE

location of parathyroid gland

PARATHORMONE

hormone in parathyroid