Treatment of Psychological Disorders - AP psych

Deinstitutionalization

Late 20th century a shift from large scale care in psychiatric hospitals to decentralized care in community-based. Combined medicine and therapy. Emphasis on independent living.

Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Integrity, Respect rights and dignity of people

What are the 3 ethical principles in treatment?

Nonmaleficence

Do no harm, current research on treatments, recognize when client needs are beyond their ability

Fidelity and Integrity

Commitment to clients, honest and fair with clients

Psychotropic Therapy and Psychotherapy

What are the two types of treatment

Psychotherapy is effective and there is no single therapy

What does meta analysis show in the effectiveness of Psychotherapies

Eclectic Approach

various therapies and medication

Meta- Analysis

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research areas

Establish a therapeutic alliance and evidence-based practice

What are the roles of a therapist?

Therapeutic Alliance

the relationship between the therapist and client

Evidence-Based Practice

the therapist should use the latest research

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Purpose is to unlock the patient's unconscious mind that is causing the problem behavior. This insight therapy works towards finding the problem and healing it.

Cognitive Therapy

teaches new ways of thinking. the problem is the negative thinking

Catastrophizing

always start with the worst possible outcome and overgeneralizing the situation

Cognitive Triad Therapy

negative, automatic thoughts contribute to depression (the self, the world, the future)

Behavior Therapy

does not try to solve the cause of the problem but change the behavior the problem is causing

Counterconditioning

pairs a trigger stimulus with a new positive response

Exposure therapies and Aversion Therapies

What are the two types of CounterConditioning

Exposure Therapy

exposure to the fear can reverse the reinforcement that created the fear. repeated exposure and the person habituates to the feared situation.

Systematic Desensitization and Virtual Exposure Therapy

Two types of exposure therapy

Systematic Decensitization

Beginning with tiny reminder of the feared situation, keep increasing the exposure intensity as the person learns methods to deal with the anxiety

electronic stimulations where people can safely face their fears

Virtual Exposure Therapy

Fear Hierarchy

client and therapist develop to rank the fear least to most terrifying

Aversion Therapy

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasent feeling (nausea) with an unwanted behavior (nail biting)

Token Economy Therapy

coins, stars, other indirect rewards are "tokens" that are earned and used later for bigger rewards

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

help people alter the negative thinking and to learn healthy behavior patterns

Rational- Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

challenge illogical and self-defeating attitudes, confrontational therapy, want to reveal the "absurdity" of the patient's thoughts, the focus is on action

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

a type of talking therapy that helps individuals manage intense emotions (BPD)

Humanistic Therapy

Focus on potential for growth, promote taking responsibility for one's behavior

Active Listening

listening restates, clarifies and echoes what is being told to them

Unconditional Positive Regard

Nonjudgmental and caring

Hypnosis

Treating Pain and Anxiety, Retrieving Memories

Group Therapy

conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction

Family Therapy

conducted as a family to identify and change maladaptive behaviors

Self Help Groups

Led by group members instead of therapist. Focus on Support. EX: alcoholics anonymous

Psychotropic Medications

drugs that affect the brain and central nervous system and are used to treat mental illness

Anti-depressants medicine, Anti-Anxiety medicine, Anti-Psychotic Medicine, Lithium

Examples of Psychotropic Medications

reduces positive symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors (obesity, diabetes, twitching, TD)

What does Antipsychotics (Haldol) do?

Tardive Dyskinesia

involuntary movement of facial/tongue and body

Reduces anxiety and worried thinking by slowing the sympathetic nervous system (slowed thinking, dependence and withdrawal)

What does Antianxietys (xanax) do?

reduces depression by inhibiting serotonin reuptake (dry mouth, constipation)

What does antidepressants (prozac) do?

reduces the highs of mania and lows of depression, dont know how they work (various)

What does Lithium do?

Inhibiting Reuptake

Many medications increase synaptic neurotransmitter levels; they stop the sending neuron from taking back its chemical messages

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

stimulates prefrontal lobe to treat depression

Electroconvulsive Therapy

mild seizures are induced to treat severe depression

Lobotomy

sever connections of frontal lobe to rest of the brain