Chapter 1 - Chemical Foundations

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27 Terms

1

quantitative observation

A(n) ________ is also known as measurement involves a number and a unit.

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2

Filtration

________: A mixture poured onto a mesh, which passes the liquid and leaves the solid behind.

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3

Observation

________: something that is witnessed and can be recorded.

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4

pure substance

When a mixture contains several volatile components, the one- step distillation does not give a(n) ________ in the receiving flasks, and more elaborate methods are required.

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5

STM

The ________ uses an electron current from a tiny needle to probe the surface of a substance.

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6

hypothesis

A ________ is a possible explanation for an observation.

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7

mixture

When a(n) ________ is separated, the absolute purity of the separated components is an ideal.

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8

Natural law

________: observed behavior into a statement.

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9

Water

________ is composed of two types of atoms: hydrogen and oxygen.

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10

gasoline

Wood, ________, wine, soil, and air are the mixtures.

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11

Solid

________ is rigid and has a fixed volume.

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12

qualitative observation

A(n) ________ does not involve a number.

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13

liquid

A(n) ________ has a definite volume but no specific shape.

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14

bridges

The atoms are connected to one another by ________.

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15

Chromatology

________: The general name applied to a series of methods that use a system with two phases of matter (mobile phase and stationary phase)

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16

Celsius

Both the ________ and Kelvin scale are used in physical sciences.

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17

Density measurement

________ is also used to determine the amount of antifreeze and the level of protection against freezing.

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18

chemical balance

Weighing something on a(n) ________ involves comparing the mass of that object to a standard mass.

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19

Distillation

________ is one of the most important methods for separating the components of a mixture.

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20

Theories

________ are human inventions that represent attempts to explain observed natural behavior.

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21

measurement

A(n) ________ always consists of two parts: a number and a scale.

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22

Physical change

________: It is used to separate a used mixture into pure compounds and change in the form of a substance.

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23

Science

________ is affected by profit motives, budgets, fads, wars, and religious belief.

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24

Certain digits

________: Results that show the first three numbers that remain the same regardless of who makes the measurements.

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25

Body mass

________ is the same on the earth and the moon.

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26

Mixtures

________ can be separated into pure substances by physical methods.

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27

Pure substances

________ are either compounds or free elements.

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