Chapter 1 - Chemical Foundations

quantitative observation

A(n) ________ is also known as measurement involves a number and a unit.

Filtration

________: A mixture poured onto a mesh, which passes the liquid and leaves the solid behind.

Observation

________: something that is witnessed and can be recorded.

pure substance

When a mixture contains several volatile components, the one- step distillation does not give a(n) ________ in the receiving flasks, and more elaborate methods are required.

STM

The ________ uses an electron current from a tiny needle to probe the surface of a substance.

hypothesis

A ________ is a possible explanation for an observation.

mixture

When a(n) ________ is separated, the absolute purity of the separated components is an ideal.

Natural law

________: observed behavior into a statement.

Water

________ is composed of two types of atoms: hydrogen and oxygen.

gasoline

Wood, ________, wine, soil, and air are the mixtures.

Solid

________ is rigid and has a fixed volume.

qualitative observation

A(n) ________ does not involve a number.

liquid

A(n) ________ has a definite volume but no specific shape.

bridges

The atoms are connected to one another by ________.

Chromatology

________: The general name applied to a series of methods that use a system with two phases of matter (mobile phase and stationary phase)

Celsius

Both the ________ and Kelvin scale are used in physical sciences.

Density measurement

________ is also used to determine the amount of antifreeze and the level of protection against freezing.

chemical balance

Weighing something on a(n) ________ involves comparing the mass of that object to a standard mass.

Distillation

________ is one of the most important methods for separating the components of a mixture.

Theories

________ are human inventions that represent attempts to explain observed natural behavior.

measurement

A(n) ________ always consists of two parts: a number and a scale.

Physical change

________: It is used to separate a used mixture into pure compounds and change in the form of a substance.

Science

________ is affected by profit motives, budgets, fads, wars, and religious belief.

Certain digits

________: Results that show the first three numbers that remain the same regardless of who makes the measurements.

Body mass

________ is the same on the earth and the moon.

Mixtures

________ can be separated into pure substances by physical methods.

Pure substances

________ are either compounds or free elements.