Healthcare and Infection Control Principles

Flashcards created to review key concepts from the lecture on infection control, musculoskeletal system, and patient care protocols.

What is passive range of motion (ROM)?

Passive ROM preserves joint flexibility but does not prevent loss of muscle mass or bone demineralization.

What does active range of motion (ROM) refer to?

Active ROM is the voluntary movement of a joint by the client without any type of assistance.

What are the Chain of Infection components?

Infectious agent, port of exit, mode of transmission, port of entry, susceptible host.

What is the incubation stage of infection?

The incubation stage lasts from exposure to the first symptoms, which can be seconds to weeks.

What characterizes the acute illness stage of infection?

The acute illness stage is marked by specific symptoms of the infection.

What are the manifestations of inflammation?

Heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function.

What precautions are taken for airborne transmission?

Wear N95 masks for pulmonary TB, chickenpox, and rubeola.

What personal protective equipment (PPE) is required for contact transmission?

Gown and gloves are required to protect against VRE, C. Diff, MRSA, and scabies.

What does HCAHPS stand for?

Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems.

What are sentinel events?

Patient safety events that result in death or serious harm.

What are the three specific types of defenses in the immune system?

Physical and chemical barriers, nonspecific immunity, and specific immunity.

What role do antibodies play in specific immunity?

Antibodies bind to infectious agents and activate white blood cells to destroy them.

What are HAIs?

Hospital-acquired infections, including CLABSIs, CAUTIs, and SSIs.

What is functional decline?

Physical inactivity that leads to a loss of the ability to perform tasks.

What are the effects of decreased mobility on the musculoskeletal system?

Decreased mobility can lead to issues like osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and contractures.

What does proper body mechanics refer to?

The combined effort of the musculoskeletal system to maintain body alignment, posture, and balance.

What are the potential psychological effects of decreased mobility?

Increased dependence, loss of privacy, social isolation, and depression.