chromosomal sex determination + mutations

What are the primary components of chromosomes?

DNA - carries the genetic code

Histone proteins - helps organise/compact the DNA into chromatin

In what stage are chromosomes duplicated?

Interphase - resulting in two sister chromatids attached by a centromere

Describe the difference between misense and nonsense mutations

Misense - nucleotide change leads to a different amino acid

Nonsense - results in a premature stop codon leading to a shorter nonfunctional protein

What is aneuploidy?

Abnormal number of chromosomes

What is trisomy?

One extra chromosome

What is monosomy?

One missing chromosome

What is polyploidy?

Presence of multiple sets of chromosomes