Mitosis/Cell Differentiation/Cancer

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24 Terms

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Prophase

nucleus begins to break down. spindle fibers begin to form. DNA is condensed from chromatin to chromatin.

<p>nucleus begins to break down. spindle fibers begin to form. DNA is condensed from chromatin to chromatin.</p>
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Metaphase

the individual chromosomes begin to line up in the middle of the cell. they DO NOT find their homologous pair. the spindle fibers attach at the centromeres

<p>the individual chromosomes begin to line up in the middle of the cell. they DO NOT find their homologous pair. the spindle fibers attach at the centromeres</p>
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Anaphase

the sister chromatids are pulled apart from one another. they head to opposite poles of the cell.

<p>the sister chromatids are pulled apart from one another. they head to opposite poles of the cell.</p>
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Telophase

This stage is the opposite of prophase. the nucleus is rebuild, spindle fibers are broken down and the chromatids unwind

<p>This stage is the opposite of prophase. the nucleus is rebuild, spindle fibers are broken down and the chromatids unwind</p>
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Mitosis

A type of cell division in which each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell. makes somatic body cells. makes two diploid daughter cells.

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Interphase

Includes G1, Synthesis, and G2. The cell grows and DNA is replicated. Takes about 70-90% of a cells life

<p>Includes G1, Synthesis, and G2. The cell grows and DNA is replicated. Takes about 70-90% of a cells life</p>
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Cytokinesis

cell pinches in on itself to split the cytoplasm in two.

<p>cell pinches in on itself to split the cytoplasm in two.</p>
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G1

The cell grows and replicates organelles

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G2

Cell check for errors in organelle or DNA replication

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S Phase

The cell replicates all DNA.

<p>The cell replicates all DNA.</p>
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Cancer

Disease caused by the uncontrolled division cells

<p>Disease caused by the uncontrolled division cells</p>
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Apoptosis

programmed cell death. beneficial if the cell has damaged DNA, it wont make copies of itself; it will just die.

<p>programmed cell death. beneficial if the cell has damaged DNA, it wont make copies of itself; it will just die.</p>
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Metastasis

the spreading of cancer (through the blood). Tumor are set up in other parts of the body

<p>the spreading of cancer (through the blood). Tumor are set up in other parts of the body</p>
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Benign tumor

a non-cancerous tumor. not dangerous

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Malignant tumor

a cancerous tumor; can spread

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Cell differentiation

the process by which a cell becomes specialized to do a particular job. ie: a cell becomes a stomach cell or a blood cell.

<p>the process by which a cell becomes specialized to do a particular job. ie: a cell becomes a stomach cell or a blood cell.</p>
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Centromere

where the spindle fibers attach; hold the sister chromatids together

<p>where the spindle fibers attach; hold the sister chromatids together</p>
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spindle fibers

the long, rope-like tubes of proteins that pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell during cell division

<p>the long, rope-like tubes of proteins that pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell during cell division</p>
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Carcinogen

cancer causing agents Ex: xrays, smoking, UV light

<p>cancer causing agents Ex: xrays, smoking, UV light</p>
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sister chromatids

identical copies of a chromosome. made during S phase. joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis.

<p>identical copies of a chromosome. made during S phase. joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis.</p>
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metastasize

cancer spreads from one place to another

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Histones

protein around which DNA is tightly coiled into condensed chromosomes

<p>protein around which DNA is tightly coiled into condensed chromosomes</p>
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protooncogenes

genes whose normal job is to stimulate the cell cycle

<p>genes whose normal job is to stimulate the cell cycle</p>
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tumor suppressor genes

A gene whose normal job is to inhibit cell division, thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer.

<p>A gene whose normal job is to inhibit cell division, thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer.</p>