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Protestant Reformation

A movement first started by martin luther which split Christianity into dozens of news sects not loyal to Rome

Queen Elizabeth I

The queen of England from 1558 to 1603, played a significant role in English by encouraging the establishment of colonies in North America.

Sir Francis Drake

English explorer, navigator, and privateer who lived during the 16th century. Circumnavigated the globe and aided in defeating the Spanish Armada.

Sir Walter Raleigh

English Aristocrat who lead the second attempted colonialization expedition of north America when he landed in Roanoke Island in 1585.

Roanoke Island

An Island off the coast of North Carolina and Virginia, one of the sights of attempted colonization

The Spanish Armada

A fleet of Spanish warships amassed by King Philip II, defeated by the English in a failed invasion of the Island.

The English Enclosure Movement

After English Landlords saw it as more profitable to use land for sheep rather than agriculture, they started evicting family farmers to make grazing fields.

Joint Stock Companies

A company used for colonization with multiple financial bakers to minimize each individual’s risk.

Virginia Company of London

A joint-stock company established in 1606 with the purpose of establishing English colonies in North America. Funded the founding and development of Jamestown.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in the New World. Built in Virginia on the Chesapeake Bay.

First Anglo-Powhatan War

A series of raides lead by Lord De La Warr with the intention of weakening the Powhatan. Ended with the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas.

Second Anglo-Powhatan War

The Indian’s final attempt at dislodging the Virginians. They failed and ruined any shot at assimilation.

House of Burgesses

The first legislative assembly in the Americas, established in Virginia in 1619. An assembly of elected settlers who would conviene to vote on laws for Virginia.

Captain John Smith

A soldier, explorer, and diplomat, who ensured Jamestown’s survival by forging relationships with Native American tribes and cracking the whip with the soft handed colonists.

Pocahontas

Chief Powhatan’s favorite Daughter, married John Rolfe.

John Rolfe

Developed the practice of tobacco cultivation for the Americas and later married Pocahontas. Later killed in an Indian Raid

Lord Baltimore

A Catholic English Aristocrat who founded Maryland. real Name was Cecil Calvert

Maryland Act of toleration

Document granting religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland, protecting them from persecution.

James Oglethorpe

A British philanthropist and military leader. Founded the colony of Georgia in 1733 as a haven for debtors and a buffer between Spanish Florida and the British colonies.

Iroquois Confederation

A political alliance of Native American tribes in northeastern North America during the 17th and 18th centuries. A loose confederation for mutual defense.