Unit 3 Muscular system

myology

scientific study of muscles

kinesiology

study of body movements

smooth muscle

involuntary, walls of circulatory, digestive, respiratory tracts, not striated

skeletal muscle

voluntary, striated

cardiac

involuntary, striated, only in heart

flexion

bending

extension

straightening out

A-Bduction

away from the center of the body

A-Dduction

toward the center of the body

pronation

turning downward

suppination

turning upward

inversion

foot turned inward

eversion

plantar surface of foot turned outward

dorsiflexion

pulls toes toward shin

plantar flexion

foot points

rotation

turning on a central axis

cirumduction

movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

protraction

movement of a body part in the anterior direction, drawn forward

retraction

movement of body part in posterior direction, drawn backward

function of muscle tissue

motion, storage/movement of substances, stabilizing body positions and joints, thermogenesis

origin

part of muscle, fixed/immovable end of muscle attachment; always proximal end of muscle

insertion

part of muscle, contracting end of the muscle; always distal end of the muscle; moves toward the immovable part of the bone

belly

part of muscle, interior of the muscle

vastus

huge

maximus

large

longus

long

minimus

small

brevis

short

deltoid

triangular

rhomboid

like a rhombus with equal and parallel sides

latissimus

wide

teres

round

trapezius

like trapezoid, four sided figure with two sides parallel

rectus

direction of fibers; straight

transverse

direction of fibers; across

oblique

direction of fibers; diagonally

orbicularis

direction of fibers; circular

pectoralis

chest

gluteus

buttock

brachii

arm

supra

above

infra

below

sub

under/beneath

lateralis

lateral

sternocleidomastoid

origin on the sternum and clavicle, insertion on the mastoid process

brachioradialis

origin on the brachium or arm, insertion on the radius

abductor

move away from the center

adductor

move toward the center

flexor

flex a structure

extensor

extend a structure

levator

lift/elevate structure

masseter

chewer

rhomboid major

connects scapula with thoracic vertebrae, movement of scapula

transverse abdominis

under obliques, deepest abdominal muscle; protection/stability of abdominal organs

linea alba

midline of abdomen; connective tissue, attachment point for abdominal muscles