Joint movement agonists

What are the plantar flexors?

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

• Tibialis posterior

• Flexor digitorum longus

• Flexor hallucis longus

• Peroneus longus

• Peroneus brevis

• Plantaris

What are the dorsiflexors?

• Tibialis anterior

• Extensor digitorum longus

• Extensor hallucis longus

• Peroneus tertius

What are the evertors?

• Peroneus brevis

• Peroneus longus

• Peroneus tertius

• Extensor digitorum longus

What are the invertors?

• Tibialis anterior

• Tibialis posterior

• Flexor digitorum longus

• Flexor hallucis longus

What are the knee extensors?

• Rectus femoris

• Vastus intermedius

• Vastus lateralis

• Vastus medialis

What are the knee flexors?

• Biceps femoris

• Semitendinosus

• Semimembranosus

• Popliteus

• Gastrocnemius

• Sartorius

• Gracilis

What are the external knee rotators?

• Biceps femoris

What are the internal knee rotators?

• Popliteus

• Semimembranosus

• Semitendinosus

• Sartorius (weak)

• Gracilis (weak)

What are the hip flexors?

• Rectus femoris

• Iliopsoas

• Sartorius

• Pectineus

• Gracilis

• Tensor fascia latae (TFL)

What are the hip extensors?

• Biceps femoris long head

• Semimembranosus

• Semitendinosus

• Gluteus maximus

What are the hip abductors?

• Gluteus medius

• Gluteus minimus

• Tensor fascia latae (TFL)

• Sartorius

What are the hip adductors?

• Pectineus

• Adductor brevis

• Adductor longus

• Adductor magnus

• Gracilis

What are the external hip rotators?

• 6 deep external hip rotators

• Gluteus maximus

What are the internal hip rotators?

• Semimembranosus

• Semitendinosus

• Gracilis

• Gluteus medius

• Gluteus minimus

• Tensor fascia latae

What are the lumbar flexors?

• Iliopsoas

• Rectus abdominis (both sides)

• External obliques (both sides)

• Internal obliques (both sides)

What are the lumbar lateral flexors?

• Iliopsoas

• Right/left rectus abdominis to same side

• Right/left external obliques to same side

• Right/left internal obliques to same side

• Right/left erector spinae to same side

• Right/left quadratus lumborum to same side

What are the lumbar rotators?

• Right/left external obliques to the opposite side

• Right/left internal obliques to same side

What are the lumbar extensors?

• Erector spinae

• Quadratus lumborum

What are the shoulder girdle elevators?

• Rhomboids

• Levator scapulae

• Upper trapezius

• Middle trapezius

What are the shoulder girdle depressors?

• Lower trapezius

• Pectoralis minor

What are the shoulder girdle adbuctors?

• Serratus anterior

• Pectoralis minor

What are the shoulder girdle adductors?

• Rhomboids

• Levator scapulae

• Upper trapezius

• Middle trapezius

• Lower trapezius

What are the shoulder girdle upward rotators?

• Upper trapezius

• Middle trapezius

• Lower trapezius

• Serratus anterior

What are the shoulder girdle downward rotators?

• Rhomboids

• Levator scapulae

• Pectoralis minor

What are the shoulder flexors?

• Anterior deltoid

• Biceps brachii

• Pectoralis major (upper fibres)

What are the shoulder extensors?

• Latissimus dorsi

• Teres major

• Posterior deltoid

• Triceps brachii long head

What are the shoulder adductors?

• Pectoralis major

• Latissimus dorsi

• Teres major

• Triceps brachii long head

What are the shoulder abductors?

• Anterior deltoid

• Middle deltoid

• Posterior deltoid

• Supraspinatus

What are the shoulder horizontal adductors?

• Pectoralis major

• Anterior deltoid

• Biceps brachii

What are the shoulder horizontal abductors?

• Latissimus dorsi

• Teres major

• Posterior deltoid

• Triceps brachii long head

What are the shoulder internal rotators?

• Pectoralis major

• Latissimus dorsi

• Teres major

• Subscapularis

What are the shoulder external rotators?

• Infraspinatus

• Teres minor

What are the elbow flexors?

• Biceps brachii

• Brachialis

• Brachioradialis

• Pronator teres (weak)

What are the elbow extensors?

• Triceps brachii

• Anconeus

What are the supinators?

• Biceps brachii

• Brachioradialis - only from pronation to neutral

• Supinator

What are the pronators?

• Brachioradialis - only from supination to neutral

• Pronator teres

• Pronator quadratus

What are the wrist flexors?

• Wrist flexors, e.g. flexor carpi radialis

What are the wrist extensors?

• Wrist extensors, e.g. extensor carpi radialis brevis

What are the phalangeal flexors?

• Some of the wrist flexors, e.g. flexor digitorum superficialis

What are the phalangeal extensors?

• Wrist extensors, e.g. extensor digitorum