Functional Groups ~ Organic Chemistry 1

Functional Group

Functional Groups are groups of atoms in organic molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Determine by E.N.

Alkane

Naming: -ane

e.g. ethane

Alkene

Naming: -ene

e.g. ethene

Alkyne

Naming: -yne

e.g. ethyne

Ether

Naming: -ether

e.g. dimethyl ether

Alcohol

Naming: -ol

e.g. ethanol

Ketone

Naming: -one

e.g. propanone

Aldehyde

Naming: -al

e.g. ethanal

Carboxylic Acid / Organic Acid / Acid

Naming: -oic acid

e.g. ethanoic acid

Carboxylic Acid Anhydride

Naming: -oic anhydride

e.g. ethanoic anhydride

Ester

Naming: - yl -oate

e.g. ethyl ethanoate

Amide

Naming: -amide

e.g. ethanamide

Halide

Naming: - oyl halide

e.g. ethanoyl chloride

Amine

Naming: -amine

e.g. ethanamine

Nitrile

Naming: -nitrile

e.g. ethane nitrile

Thiol

Naming: -thiol

e.g. methanethiol

Arene

Naming: -Arene

e.g. Benzene Arene

Sulfide

Naming: - Sulfide

e.g. dimethyl sulfide

Acid Chloride

Naming: -oyl chloride

e.g. Ethanoylcholoride

What is common between all the functional groups?

Electron ridge Center

Meth-

1 carbon

Eth-

2 carbon

Prop-

3 carbon

But-

4 carbon

Pent-

5 carbon

Hex-

6 carbon

Hept-

7 carbon

Oct-

8 carbon

Non-

9 carbon

Dec-

10 carbon

Alkanes Group

1-methane

2- ethane

3- propane

4-butane

5-pentane

6- hexane

7- heptane

8- octane

9- nonane

10- decane

Halide Group

Sodium Chloride- NaCl

Potassium Chloride- KCl

Potassium Iodine- KI

Lithium Chloride- LiCl

Chloride Fluoride- ClF

Calcium Chloride- CaCl(2)