possible Greek myth final questions

according to the theogony which of the following entities came last?

__ANSWER:__ __***Uranus***__

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1. Chaos (The formless void from which all things originated)
2. Gaia (The personification of the Earth)
3. Tartarus (The deep abyss beneath the Earth, associated with punishment and imprisonment)
4. Eros (The god of love and desire)
5. Uranus (The personification of the sky, also known as the father of the Titans)

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Gaia gave birth to Uranus and is also married to him

Who helps Theseus Escape the Labyrinth?

__***ANSWER: Ariadne*** __

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* Theseus was known for uniting the small Athenian villages into Athens and during his journey, he slayed the **Minotau**r, a creature with the head of a bull and body of a man using the help of **Ariadne**, who gave him a ball of thread to move through the labyrinth

Which of the following are closely associated with the worship of Dionysus?

__***ANSWER: Maenads***__

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* also known as the bacchae or bacchantes
* female followers known ro their wild behavior during rituals and celebrations which often engaged in usage of wine, singing, and dancing

Apollo’s long hair represents:

__***ANSWER: youth***__

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Nausicaa washing her clothes outside of the city can be categorized as part of her:

__***ANSWER: Heroic pattern***__

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Nausicaa is hinted in her dream by Athena that she should go wash her clothes outside of the city in order for Odysseus to bump into her and allow her to help him out in his journey

Odysseus and his men use ____ to escape from polyphemus’ cave

ANSWER: sheep

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* Polyphemus, a cyclops, ends up trapping Odysseus and his men in a cave in which he tricks the giant by blinding him then tying himself to the bottom of giant sheep to escape

With what drink did the initiates at Eleusis break their fast?

__***ANSWER: Kykeon***__

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* beverage with barley, water, and sometime mints, herbs, honey, cheese, etc

Perseus is famous for slaying which of the following monsters?

__***ANSWER: Medusa***__

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* Medusa was one of the three Gorgons, monstrous creatures with snakes for hair and a gaze that could turn people to stone
* Perseus, aided by the gods Hermes and Athena, was tasked with obtaining Medusa's head as a means to defeat his enemies.
* Equipped with a mirrored shield to avoid direct eye contact, a special sword provided by Hermes, and the helm of darkness, which made him invisible, Perseus ventured to the lair of the Gorgons
* managed to slay Medusa by cutting off her head while she slept.
* the blood that spilled from her neck, two creatures were born: Pegasus, the winged horse, and Chrysaor, a giant wielding a golden sword.

What are the steps to Heroic journey?

1. call to adventure
2. refusal of call
3. mentor help/supernatural aid
4. crossing threshold (leaving their regular world for a new environment)
5. test/allies/enemies
6. meeting with goddess (who is often a temptress)
7. atonement with father (when the hero meets a fearsome **father**-god whom he must overcome or reconcile with)
* THE ORDEAL (hero faces their greatest test or battle)
8. ultimate boon (reward
9. return
10. apotheosis

* During this stage, the hero may gain deeper wisdom, spiritual insight, or a sense of unity with the universe. The apotheosis represents a significant shift in the hero's consciousness and marks their evolution to a higher level of being)

what important Greek societal concept does the following quote illustrate: “Greetings stranger! Here in our house you’ll find royal welcome. Have supper first, then tell us what you need.”

__***ANSWER: Xenia***__

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* The concept of xenia goes beyond mere politeness or manners. It involves a deep sense of obligation and duty to provide for the needs of travelers, strangers, or guests. In ancient Greece, xenia was considered sacred and had religious significance, as it was believed that the gods could assume the form of travelers or strangers and test people's hospitality.

why does orpheus visit the underworld?

__***ANSWER: He wants to get his wife back***__

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( his wife is Eurydice)

When odysseus first meets Nausicaa, he is briny, dirty, and naked; he beseeches her to have pity upon him and help him. How does he appeal to her?

* he likens her to the goddess Aphrodite in her beauty

The aged dog of Odysseus that waits 20 years to see his master is named:

__**ANSWER: Argos**__

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Herakles’ journey to retrieve Cerberus represents what significant experience for the hero?

possible answer: encounter with death reintegration

* since he goes to the underworld in order to retrieve this dog, this is part of him encountering death reintegration

which female character could most likely be considered the opposite of Penelope

ANSWER: Clytemnestra

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* Got married to Agamemnon, and during his absence, her resentment towards him grew since she believed that he sacrificed their daughter before the war
* When he returned, she killed him with the help of her lover Aegisthus by convincing him to walk on a crimson tapestry which is a symbol of hubris

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* this is the opposite of Penelope, who is Odysseus’ wife and stayed loyal to him through his entire journey

Herakles joins the company of the olympian gods at the end of his life. This is an example of which stage of Heroic initiation pattern

__***ANSWER: apotheosis***__

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* Apotheosis refers to the elevation or deification of the hero, where they become divine or join the realm of the gods
* it is also the end of the story which is a hint to the answer

Which region is MOST identified with the hero Herakles?

ANSWER: Boeotia

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* Boeotia, located in central Greece, was considered the traditional homeland of Herakles

How does Theseus punish Prokrustes- the man who made his fuests fit his bed

ANSWER: makes proktrustes fit his own bed

Which of the following is the BEST example of Theseus’ rejection of a sex goddess?

ANSWER: leaving Ariadne on an island

which of the following does NOT illustrate the principle of the hero causing the pain of others?

* possibly Artreus just cause hes not really a hero, he killed his brother’s son and served it to him as food and then fucked his brother’s daughter

which goddesses symbolize opposing forces in an adolescent’s development?

ANSWER: Aphrodite and Hestia

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* Aphrodite is the goddess of love, beauty, and explores sexual desires and experiences
* Hestia is the goddess of hearth and home, symbolizing the importance of family and community

what crew member of Odysseus is particularly rebellious and encourages the men to eat the cattle of the sun god

* eurlochus

Achilles’ choice to live a glorious, but short, life in battle is an example of the hero’s search for?

ANSWER: Kleos

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* fame or heroic glory

In freudian theory, when the female is split into two characters, one being a dangerous, sexual mother figure and the other a virginal maiden, this is an example of:

* disintegration

Why is scheria, the isle of the phaeacians, much like the land of death?

Possible answer: all of the above

1\. there are two golden dogs guarding the entrance of the palace

2. the garden in the palace is constantly growing fruit

3. the boat that takes odysseus back to to ithaca is like charon's ferry

4. while on his journey back to ithaca, odysseus experiences a sleep like death

5\. all of the above

which of the following was born from the blood spilt by Uranos’ castration?

__***ANSWER: Aphrodite***__

Which of the following shows a violation of good xenia?

* the suitors eating all the food in odysseus’ household

In the odyssey, who plays the role that Ishtar fills in the Epic of Gilgamesh?

ANSWER: Circe

Which of the following best characterizes odysseus’ behavior after his return to Ithaka in the latter half of the Odyssey

__**ANSWER: disguise and restraint**__

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* he disguises himself as a beggar in order to get info and deal with the suitors who took over his palace

"So by day she’d weave at her great and growing web – \n by night, by the light of torches set beside her, \n she would unravel all she’d done. Three whole years \n she deceived us blind, seduced us with this scheme." who is this about

ANSWER: penelope

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* in order to delay her suitors, penelope claims to weave a shroud for odysseus’ father Laertes but she would unravel it during the night

who heard a prophecy that a one-sandled man would one day bring about his downfall?

ANSWER: Pelias

King Aeolus gives Odysseus ______ to help him successfully return home to Ithaka

__***ANSWER: a bag of wind***__

Circes instructs odysseus that he must travel to the underworld to visit

__***ANSWER: Teiresias***__

What type of myth interpretation was Euhemerus the founder of?

* historical allegory

which of the following did herakles get from his first labor?

ANSWER: Skin of Nemean Lion

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* Herakles obtained the skin of the Nemean Lion. The Nemean Lion was a ferocious creature with an impenetrable golden fur that made it invulnerable to weapons. Herakles strangled the lion with his bare hands and used its own sharp claws to skin it. The lion's skin became a protective garment and a symbol of Herakles' strength and bravery

Zeus impregnated Perseus’ mother Danae despite the fact that:

ANSWER: Danae was imprisoned by her father in a bronze dungeon

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* Danae’s father Acrisius heard a prophesy that his grandson would overthrow him so he trapped Danae in a tower but zeus snuck his way in and she ended up giving birth to Perseus

“I am __________, the son of Zeus/ come back to Thebes, this land where I was born. My mother was Cadmus’ daughter, Semele by name, midwifed by fire, delivered by lightening’s blasts

__***ANSWER: Dionysus***__

Which of the following can be BEST described as a *Kalon Kakon*, or beautiful evil?

pandora

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* Pandora's curiosity got the better of her, and she couldn't resist opening the jar. Upon doing so, all the evils of the world were unleashed, causing suffering, disease, and misfortune to plague humankind. Despite her outward beauty, Pandora's actions brought about immense harm

This animal becomes the first lyre thanks to hermes

tortoise

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* Hermes found a tortoise while wandering in the wilderness. He removed its shell and attached strings to it, creating the first lyre. Hermes then used the instrument to charm the gods and acquire his own place on Mount Olympus. The tortoise's shell, transformed into a musical instrument by Hermes, became the symbol of artistic expression and the power of music in Greek culture.

In her grief, Demeter flees to this city

* Eleusis

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renowned for its association with the Eleusinian Mysteries, a religious and initiatory cult dedicated to the goddesses Demeter and Persephone.

"A MORTAL AM I, AND BORN OF A MORTAL WOMAN..... BUT NOW \[HERMES\] OF THE GOLDEN WAND CARRIED ME OFF FROM THE DANCE OF HALLOOING ARTEMIS OF THE GOLDEN SHAFTS. MANY OF US NYMPHS AND MAIDENS, WORTH MANY COWS TO THEIR PARENTS, WERE PLAYING“ WHO DOES APHRODITE TELL THIS LIE TO?

anchises

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* mortal Anchises had an affair with the goddess Aphrodite, resulting in the birth of their son Aeneas.
* Anchises was initially unaware of Aphrodite's true identity, but when he discovered her divine nature, he was struck with awe and fear. Eventually, their relationship ended, and Anchises went on to marry another woman.

The only deity to witness persephone’s abduction

Helios

“Delos, would you want to be the abode of my son, phoibos apollo, and to house him in a lavish temple?” who asks this

LETO

* mother of apollo
* Leto had a son with zeus but no one would house them bc of Hera’s wrath, so finally she went to island of Delos which finally accepted her and became the birth place of apollo

this women kills her children to get revenge on her husband… and gets away with it

Medea

* revenge on Jason after she used her magic to help him and the agronauts, but he marries her, they have kids, and then he leaves her which causes her to take crazy revenge

HERC’S 9TH LABOR REQUIRES HIM TO STEAL THE BELT/GIRDLE OF THIS AMAZONIAN QUEEN

Hippolyta

The goddess of childbirth, and one of the few children of zeus and hera

* eleuthyia

the female worshippers of dionysus

maenads/bacchae

where is herkales’ grave?

HE DOESN’T HAVE ONE – HE BECAME A GOD

WHAT DID ATHENA OFFER ATHENS TO BEAT HER UNCLE POSEIDON IN THE CONTEST TO BECOME THE CITY’S PATRON DEITY?

olive trees

What is the name of the rock that kronos swallows in place of zeus and ends up in delphi? (the center of the greek world)

Omphalos

ACCORDING TO HESIOD’S THEOGONY, WHO IS THE OLDEST OF THE OLYMPIAN DEITIES?

* aphrodite

HIS HUBRIS GETS THE BETTER OF HIM, LEADING HIM TO A QUARREL WITH AGAMEMNON THAT EVENTUALLY LEADS TO THE DEATH OF HIS ‘SIDEKICK’ PATROCLUS

ACHILLES

In order to get home, odysseus goes here to consult with the seer tiresias

underworld

ODYSSEUS’ HOME, WHERE HIS SON TELEMACHUS BEGINS HIS HEROIC INITIATION

Ithaca

THIS EVENT IS THE PRELUDE TO THE TROJAN WAR, INVOLVING A SHEPHERD AND THREE FEUDING GODDESSES

judgement of paris

ON THE ISLAND THRINACIA, ODYSSEUS’ MEN COMMIT THIS CRIME AGAINST THE GODS, MAKING THE REST OF THE JOURNEY HOME EVEN MORE DIFFICULT

eating the cattle of the sun god helios

THE PLAY FROM WHICH THIS QUOTE COMES: “THEY DECKED THEMSELVES WITH CROWNS OF IVY, OAK, AND BRYONY. ONE WOMAN STRUCK HER THYRSUS ON A ROCK AND A SPRING OF WATER SHOT OUT, BUBBLING

BACCHAE BY EURIPIDES

THE PLAY FROM WHICH THIS QUOTE COMES: “NOW HEAR YOU THIS, THE RIGHT BEHIND MY SACRAMENT: BY MY CHILD’S JUSTICE DRIVEN TO FULFILLMENT, BY HER WRATH AND FURY, TO WHOM I SACRIFICED THIS MAN…”

AGAMEMNON BY AESCHYLUS

THE POEM FROM WHICH THIS QUOTE COMES: “THE ARMS OF TYPHOEUS WERE MADE FOR DEEDS OF MIGHT, HIS LEGS NEVER WEARIED, AND FROM HIS SHOULDERS THERE LEAPT UP 100 SNAKE HEADS, SUCH AS FIERCE DRAGONS HAVE…”

THEOGONY BY HESIOD

THE POEM FROM WHICH THIS QUOTE COMES: “HERA BORE TYPHON, UNLIKE A GOD OR A HUMAN, CLEVER, AWFUL, AND CRUEL, A BANE FOR MORTAL FOLK. AT ONCE, COW-EYED QUEEN HERA BROUGHT EVIL TO EVIL AND THE SHEDRAGON WELCOMED HIM

HOMERIC HYMN TO APOLLO

The work from which this quote comes: “the young men’s eyes turned to bold heracles… but he said, “let no man offer this honor to me.. let the person who mustered this host have its leadership

ARGONAUTIKA BY APOLLONIUS