Lab: Enzymatic Digestion of Foods + Digestive Organ Table

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46 Terms

1
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What molecule is the precursor of pepsin and the cell that produces it?

pepsinogen; chief cells

2
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How are chief cells activated into pepsin?

HCl in the stomach

3
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  1. What molecule does pepsin hydrolyze (break down)? (What is its substrate?)

  2. Products?

  1. Proteins → albumin in this experiment (protein digestion by pepsin)
  2. Peptides
4
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Optimal pH for hydrolysis reaction (proteins → peptides)?

Cells that produce the chemical to provide optimal pH?

pH 2; parietal cells

5
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How did the pH of the solution change after pepsin digestion (hydrolysis)?

Why?

  1. Should have become more acidic (decrease in pH)
  2. Amino acids contribute to greater acidity
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What structure in the pancreas produces pancreatic lipase?

serous acini

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  1. What molecule does pancreatic lipase hydrolyze (break down)?
  2. Products?
  3. Optimal pH?
  4. Glands that produce the chemical to provide this pH?
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Monoglycerides & fatty acids
  3. pH 7.1 - 8.2
  4. Pancreas & duodenal glands
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Lipid Digestion by Pancreatic Lipase & Bile Salt: How did the pH of the solution change after pancreatic lipase digestion (hydrolysis)? Why?

Decreased; fatty acids contribute to pH decrease.

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What color does litmus have in an acidic & basic environment?

pink; blue/lavender

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What cells produce bile?

hepatocytes

11
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Function of bile salts in digestion?

emulsifies lipids to increase surface area for enzymes

12
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In an experiment, what’s the purpose of the negative control groups, positive control groups, and experimental groups?

Control groups let you compare your experimental group to what a positive and negative result would look like.

13
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What does IKI test for?

Starch

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What does Benedict’s test for?

Glucose & reducing sugars

15
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Describe all applicable negative & positive control molecules & expected results.

  1. ==Negative:== IKI + water
  2. %%Positive:%% IKI + starch
  3. ==Negative:== starch+ Benedict’s
  4. %%Positive:%% glucose + Benedict’s
16
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What structure in the pancreas produces pancreatic amylase?

serous acini

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What molecule does pancreatic amylase hydrolyze (break down)? How did you test for this substrate?

Starch, IKI test

18
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What are the products of the hydrolysis of pancreatic amylase, and how did you test for them?

Maltose & reducing sugars; Benedict’s reagent

19
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Mouth and salivary glands secretion?

  • salivary amylase
  • lingual lipase
  • mucus
  • lysozyme
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Volume/day mouth and salivary glands?

1 L/day

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Digestion of mouth and salivary glands?

  • starch: maltose + small carbs
  • mastication
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Absorption of mouth and salivary glands?

None; nitroglycerin

23
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Stomach secretion?

  • parietal cells: HCl, intrinsic factor
  • chief cells: pepsin, gastric lipase
  • mucous neck cells: mucous
  • g-cells: gastrin
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Volume/day stomach?

2 L

25
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Motility of mouth and salivary glands?

tongue aids to form bolus; deglutition

26
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Motility of stomach?

Mixing waves, gastric emptying

27
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Digestion in stomach?

  • triglycerides → monoglycerides (gastric lipase) or diglycerides (lingual lipase) + FAs
  • protein → peptides
  • HCl → denature protein; fundus: salivary amylase
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Absorption in stomach?

alcohol, aspirin

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Pharynx and esophagus secretion?

mucus

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Volume/day pharynx and esophagus?

none

31
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Motility in pharynx and esophagus?

deglutition, peristalsis

32
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Absorption and digestion in pharynx and esophagus?

None

33
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Pancreas secretion?

  • Serous acini: NaHCO3-, pancreatic amylase, ribonuclease, trypsin, elastase, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase, deoxyribonuclease
  • Pancreatic islets: alpha - glucagon; beta - insulin
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Volume/day pancreas?

2 L/day

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Motility, digestion, absorption of pancreas?

None

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Liver secretion?

bile

37
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Volume/day liver?

1 L

38
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Motility, digestion, absorption of liver?

None

39
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Small intestine secretion?

  • Intestinal glands: intestinal juice
  • Brush border enzymes: lactase, alpha-dextrinase, maltase, sucrase, enterokinase, peptidase
  • CCK-cell: cholecystokinin
  • S-cell: secretin
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Volume/day small + large intestine?

1 L/day

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Motility of small intestine?

  • Segmentation
  • MMC: migrating motility complex
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Digestion in small intestine?

  • protein, lipid, carbs
  • Bile: emulsify fats
  • brush border enzyme digestion
  • DNA, RNA → nucleotides
  • pancreatic juice digestion
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Absorption in small intestine?

  • most vitamins
  • glucose, fructose, galactose, amino acids, fatty acids + monoglycerides, water, electrolytes
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Motility of large intestine?

haustral churning, mass peristalsis

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Digestion of large intestine?

bacterial fermentation

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Absorption of large intestine?

water, vitamin B + K